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13C isotopic discrimination: a starting point for new insights in competition for nitrogen and water under contour hedgerow systems in tropical mountainous regions

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Abstract

Competition for nutrients and water between crops and associated hedgerows reduces overall performance of contour hedgerow systems and hampers its acceptance by rural communities in tropical mountainous regions. Therefore, it is imperative to better understand competition leading to a decline in crop response close to hedges. In the highlands of North East Thailand spatial variability in grain yield of maize (Zea mays L., cv. Suwan 1) was assessed for two contour hedgerow systems based on Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain et Evrard (Ruzi grass) barriers or Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit hedges without or with fertilizer (60 kg N ha−1 and 14 kg P ha−1). Available \(NO^{ - }_{3} - N\) was analyzed across the slope. In addition, shoot N concentration and δ13C values in leaves were measured for maize plants in the center of the alley and in the row next to and at the upper side of barriers or hedges. Despite variable field conditions, δ13C values were significantly (p < 0.05) less depleted close to the barriers or hedges, except for 2 out of 16 plots, suggesting that water deficiency was not the main driver for spatial variability along the alleys. The negative correlation between 13C isotopic discrimination and available \(NO^{ - }_{3} - N\) in the soil, with R 2 ranging from 0.5 (p < 0.10) to 0.9 (p < 0.01), assigned a major role to N availability in the reduced crop response towards the barriers. The proposed framework of 13C isotopic discrimination, together with plant and soil N data, is a new approach and was shown to be suitable to determine N and water competition between hedgerows and crops grown in alleys under field conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mrs Sabine Remmele for the δ13C analysis and Mrs Chotmanee Meeyord for the field work. We also thank the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive remarks to improve this manuscript. This research was funded by the National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand, the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), and the Special Research Programme (SFB 564) from DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), Germany.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany

    W. Pansak, G. Dercon, T. Hilger & G. Cadisch

  2. Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand

    T. Kongkaew

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  1. W. Pansak
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  2. G. Dercon
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  3. T. Hilger
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  4. T. Kongkaew
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  5. G. Cadisch
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Correspondence to G. Dercon.

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Responsible Editor: Tibor Kalapos

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Pansak, W., Dercon, G., Hilger, T. et al. 13C isotopic discrimination: a starting point for new insights in competition for nitrogen and water under contour hedgerow systems in tropical mountainous regions. Plant Soil 298, 175–189 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9353-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9353-y

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