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Genetic diversity of indigenous tropical fast-growing rhizobia isolated from soybean nodules

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Abstract

This study characterized genetically 30 fast-growing rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of Asian and modern soybean genotypes that had been inoculated with soils from disparate regions of Brazil. Analyses by rep-PCR (ERIC and REP) and RAPD indicated a high level of genetic diversity among the strains. The RFLP-PCR and sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that none of the strains was related to Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii, whereas most were related to Rhizobium tropici (although they were unable to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris) and to Rhizobium genomic species Q. One strain was related to Rhizobium sp. OR 191, while two others were closely related to Agrobacterium (Rhizobium) spp.; furthermore, symbiotic effectiveness with soybean was maintained in those strains. Five strains were related to Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii, with four of them being similar to strains carried in Brazilian inoculants, therefore modifications in physiological properties, as a shorter doubling time might have resulted from adaptation to local conditions. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PFLA) was less precise in delineating taxonomic relationships. The strains fit into eight Nod-factor profiles that were related to rhizobial species, but not to N2-fixation capacity or competitiveness. The data obtained highlight the diversity and promiscuity of rhizobia in the tropics, being capable of nodulating exotic legumes and might reflect ecological strategies to survive in N-poor soils; in addition, the diversity could also represent an important source of efficient and competitive rhizobial strains for the tropics. Putative new rhizobial species were detected only in undisturbed soils. Three species (R. tropici, B. japonicum and B. elkanii) were found under the more sustainable management system known as no-till, while the only species isolated from soils under conventional till was R. tropici. Those results emphasize that from the moment that agriculture was introduced into undisturbed soils rhizobial diversity has changed, being drastically reduced when a less sustainable soil management system was adopted.

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Acknowledgements

The research group in Brazil was supported by FINEP/CNPq-Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT (PRONEX, Instituto do Milênio, Edital Universal and CABBIO). L. M. O. Chueire and M. Hungria acknowledge fellowships from CNPq. The authors thank to Dr. Allan R. J. Eaglesham for suggestions on the manuscript and to Fábio L. Mostasso for help in the analysis.

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  1. Embrapa-Soja, Cx. Postal 231, Londrina, PR, 86001-970, Brazil

    Mariangela Hungria, Lígia Maria O. Chueire & Rubens J. Campo

  2. Department de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Univ. Sevilla, Apdo. Postal 874, Sevilla, 41080, Spain

    Manuel Megías & Youssef Lamrabet

  3. Department Biología, Univ. San Pablo CEU, Apdo. Postal 67-E, Bobadilla del Monte, Madrid, 28668, Spain

    Agustin Probanza & Francisco J. Guttierrez-Mañero

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  1. Mariangela Hungria
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  2. Lígia Maria O. Chueire
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Hungria, M., Chueire, L.M.O., Megías, M. et al. Genetic diversity of indigenous tropical fast-growing rhizobia isolated from soybean nodules. Plant Soil 288, 343–356 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9125-0

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