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Belowground Interactions in a Vine (Vitis vinifera L.)-tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) Intercropping System: Water Relations and Growth

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Abstract

In the Mediterranean area, the introduction of cover crops in vineyards is hampered by the risk of severe competition for water. Belowground interactions are still not very clear in this perennial-herbaceous association. This work was aimed at characterizing the development of the root systems of associated crops and the soil water dynamics. It also investigated whether water competition could be the cause of vine vigour and yield reductions. Experiments were conducted in a 4-year-old association (vine – tall fescue) and in a weed controlled vineyard. Water transfers in the soil were estimated on the basis of the soil water potential and soil hydrodynamic properties. The vine root system was concentrated in the soil under the row, whereas the intercrop highly colonized a soil compartment under the inter-row to a depth of approximately 1 m. Despite this spatial complementarity in root distribution, intercropping reduced the amount of soil water available for the vine crop. The low soil water content reduced soil water conductivity thereby limiting water transfers, despite a significant gradient in the soil water potential. This conductivity did not differ significantly between treatments but the intercrop enhanced the infiltration of winter rainwater, probably by limiting surface runoff. There was temporal complementarity in this association since the period of intense water uptake by the intercrop occurred earlier than noted for the vine under bare soil conditions. Nevertheless, the competition for water was limited by better refilling of the soil water profile during winter in the intercropped treatment. The intercrop clearly interacted with the vine and decreased its vegetative vigor. Since predawn leaf water potential and stomatal conductance did not differ among treatments, mechanism(s) other than competition for water (e.g. nutrient competition, allelopathy) may be responsible.

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Abbreviations

CI 5%:

5% confidence interval

cv.:

cultivar

CWC:

chemical weed controlled

DM:

dry matter

g s :

stomatal conductance

h :

soil water potential matrix

INT:

intercropped

K :

soil hydraulic conductivity

K sat :

soil saturated conductivity

P :

precipitation

PAR:

photosynthetically active radiation

PETp :

potential evapotranspiration calculated with the Penman equation

PRD:

partial rootzone drying

Rg:

incoming solar radiation

T a :

air temperature

N–K Test:

Newman–Keuls test

U :

Wind speed

Ψ:

total soil water potential

ψpd :

predawn leaf water potential

θ:

volumetric soil water content

θs :

saturated soil water content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR SYSTEM Fonctionnement et conduite des SYStèmes de culture Tropicaux Et Méditerranéens (INRA-CIRAD-Agro.M), TA 80/01, avenue Agropolis, Montpellier, 34398, Cedex 5, France

    Florian Celette, Jacques Wery, Julia Celette & Christian Gary

  2. Domaine de Donadille, ITV France, 30230, Rodilhan, France

    Eric Chantelot

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  1. Florian Celette
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  2. Jacques Wery
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  3. Eric Chantelot
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  4. Julia Celette
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Correspondence to Florian Celette.

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Celette, F., Wery, J., Chantelot, E. et al. Belowground Interactions in a Vine (Vitis vinifera L.)-tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) Intercropping System: Water Relations and Growth. Plant Soil 276, 205–217 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-4415-5

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