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Organic Anion Exudation by Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Zinc and Phosphorus Deficiency

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Abstract

The objectives of this paper were to determine (1) if lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants respond similarly to low zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) availability by increased root exudation of low-molecular weight organic anions (LMWOAs) and (2) if genotypic variation in tolerance to low soil supply of either Zn or P is related to LMWOA exudation rates. Exudation of LMWOAs can increase bioavailability of both Zn and P to the plant, through partly similar chemical mechanisms. We used seven lowland rice genotypes and showed in two experiments that genotypes that grow relatively well on a soil with low Zn availability also grow well on a sparingly soluble Ca-phosphate (r = 0.80, P = 0.03). We measured exudation rates of LMWOAs on nutrient solution and found that both Zn and P deficiency induced significant increases. Among the LMWOAs detected oxalate was quantitatively the most important, but citrate is considered more effective in mobilizing Zn. Citrate exudation rates correlated with tolerance to low soil levels of Zn (P=0.05) and P (P = 0.07). In a low-Zn-field we found an increased biomass production at higher plant density, which is supportive for a concentration-dependent rhizosphere effect on Zn bioavailability such as LMWOA exudation. We, for the first time, showed that tolerance to low Zn availability is related to the capacity of a plant to exude LMWOAs and confirmed that exudation of LMWOAs must be regarded a multiple stress response.

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Author notes

  1. Matthias Wissuwa

    Present address: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1,Ohwashi, 305-8686, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O.Box 8005, NL 6700, Wageningen, EC , The Netherlands

    Ellis Hoffland & Changzhou Wei

  2. Key Lab. of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Post box 425, 832000, Xinjiang, P.R. China

    Changzhou Wei

  3. Crop, Soil, and Water Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines

    Matthias Wissuwa

Authors
  1. Ellis Hoffland
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  2. Changzhou Wei
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  3. Matthias Wissuwa
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Correspondence to Changzhou Wei.

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Hoffland, E., Wei, C. & Wissuwa, M. Organic Anion Exudation by Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Zinc and Phosphorus Deficiency. Plant Soil 283, 155–162 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-3937-1

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