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Transcriptome analysis approaches for the isolation of trichome-specific genes from the medicinal plant Cistus creticus subsp. creticus

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Abstract

Cistus creticus subsp. creticus is a plant of intrinsic scientific interest due to the distinctive pharmaceutical properties of its resin. Labdane-type diterpenes, the main constituents of the resin, exhibit considerable antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. In this study chemical analysis of isolated trichomes from different developmental stages revealed that young leaves of 1–2 cm length displayed the highest content of labdane-type diterpenes (80 mg/g fresh weight) whereas trichomes from older leaves (2–3 or 3–4 cm) exhibited gradual decreased concentrations. A cDNA library was constructed enriched in transcripts from trichomes isolated from young leaves, which are characterized by high levels of labdane-type diterpenes. Functional annotation of 2,022 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the trichome cDNA library based on homology to A. thaliana genes suggested that 8% of the putative identified sequences were secondary metabolism-related and involved primarily in flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis. A significant proportion of the ESTs (38%) displayed no significant similarity to any other DNA deposited in databases, indicating a yet unknown function. Custom DNA microarrays constructed with 1,248 individual clones from the cDNA library facilitated transcriptome comparisons between trichomes and trichome-free tissues. In addition, gene expression studies in various Cistus tissues and organs for one of the genes highlighted as the most differentially expressed by the microarray experiments revealed a putative sesquiterpene synthase with a trichome-specific expression pattern. Full length cDNA isolation and heterologous expression in E. coli followed by biochemical analysis, led to the characterization of the produced protein as germacrene B synthase.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

aRNA:

Amplified RNA

CcEF1α:

Cistus creticus elongation factor 1α

CcGer:

Cistus creticus germacrene B synthase

CER1:

ECERIFERUM1 sterol desaturase

DTT:

1,4-Dithiothreitol

EST:

Expression sequence tag

FDP:

Farnesyl diphosphate

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

GGDPS:

Geranyl-geraniol diphosphate synthase

MIPS:

Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences

NIST:

National Institute of Standards and Technology

PDMS:

Polydimethylsiloxane

SCID:

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

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Acknowledgments

We thank G. Papagiannakis for participating in the construction of Cistus microarrays; we are grateful to Dr. C. Sallaud (Librophyt, France) for providing the hexane extract of Solanum hirsutum and to Dr. M. Lazari for her advice during the Cistus hexane extractions. We acknowledge the help of E. Argyropoulou in isolating trichomes shown in Fig. 1b–e. This work was funded by GR-USA bilateral grant and the 99ΕΔ637 and 01ΕΔ416 research projects, implemented within the framework of the “Reinforcement Programme of Human Research Manpower” (PENED) and co-financed by National and Community Funds (25% from the Greek Ministry of Development-General Secretariat of Research and Technology and 75% from E.U.-European Social Fund). This work was also partially supported by grants to AKMON (AP.6260 EFA1250/17-5-2004) co-funded by 70% from the European Union Regional Development Fund and by 30% from the Operational Programme Competitiveness of the Greek Ministry of Development.

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  1. Vasileios Fotopoulos

    Present address: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, P. C. 3036, Limassol, Cyprus

  2. Irene Pateraki

    Present address: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Vasiliki Falara, Vasileios Fotopoulos, Irene Pateraki & Angelos K. Kanellis

  2. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology, 711 10, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Thanasis Margaritis & Dimitris Kafetzopoulos

  3. Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Thanasis Margaritis & Dimitris Kafetzopoulos

  4. School of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71, Athens, Greece

    Thalia Anastasaki & Costas Demetzos

  5. School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Artemios M. Bosabalidis

  6. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Eran Pichersky

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  1. Vasiliki Falara
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Correspondence to Angelos K. Kanellis.

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Vasileios Fotopoulos and Thanasis Margaritis contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Falara, V., Fotopoulos, V., Margaritis, T. et al. Transcriptome analysis approaches for the isolation of trichome-specific genes from the medicinal plant Cistus creticus subsp. creticus . Plant Mol Biol 68, 633–651 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9399-0

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