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Volumetric classification of pituitary macroadenomas predicts outcome and morbidity following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery

Pituitary volume 15, pages 450–463 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Endoscopy in combination with extended approaches allow for resection of large pituitary adenomas via a transsphenoidal route. The objective of the current study was to determine a volumetric threshold for lesions with high perioperative morbidity and high rate of subtotal resection following endonasal endoscopic surgery. Thus, we analyzed a prospectively collected database of 71 patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal approaches for macroadenomas (diameter >1 cm). Extend of resection (EOR) was calculated based on volumetric analysis of pre-and post-operative contrast-enhanced MRI. Average EOR was 97.8% and a gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 76.1% of all patients. GTR was accomplished in 92.0% versus 38.1% of adenomas either without or with CS invasion, respectively. Likewise, GTR was accomplished in 90.2% versus 40.0% of lesions less than or greater then 10 cm3 respectively. However, even if only subtotal resection was achieved, 90.3% of tumor volume was removed. At 17 months follow-up, visual field defects improved in 80.8% of patients. Complications included permanent diabetes insipidus (5 patients), panhypopituitarism (4 patients), injury to the ophthalmic artery (1 patient) and CSF leak (1 patient). On multivariate logistic regression, two factors negatively predicted GTR: invasion of the CS and volume greater than 10 cm3. A 10 cm3 threshold was a stronger predictor of EOR and complication risk than diameter-based measurements. A volume greater than 10 cm3 and CS invasion may help to identify pituitary lesions associated with a higher likelihood of subtotal resection and post-operative morbidity.

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Acknowledgments

We greatly appreciate Dr. Paul Christos assistance with the statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 525 East 68th Street, Box 99, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Christoph P. Hofstetter, Michael J. Nanaszko, Lynn L. Mubita & Theodore H. Schwartz

  2. Department of Neuroradiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    John Tsiouris

  3. Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Vijay K. Anand & Theodore H. Schwartz

  4. Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Theodore H. Schwartz

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  1. Christoph P. Hofstetter
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  2. Michael J. Nanaszko
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Correspondence to Christoph P. Hofstetter.

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Hofstetter, C.P., Nanaszko, M.J., Mubita, L.L. et al. Volumetric classification of pituitary macroadenomas predicts outcome and morbidity following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. Pituitary 15, 450–463 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-011-0350-z

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Keywords

  • Acromegaly
  • Cushing’s disease
  • Cortisol
  • Endoscope
  • Endoscopy
  • Growth hormone
  • Minimally invasive
  • Macroadenoma
  • Prolactinoma
  • Giant pituitary adenoma
  • MRI
  • Endocrinological remission
  • Non-hormone producing