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The polyphenolic profile of Oak (Quercus) species: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview

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Abstract

Quercus species (Oak) are deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs. They are important members of most forests all over the world. The genus has received great attention since ancient times due to its medicinal, ecological and economical value. Preparations of Quercus (oak) species are used as hemostatic, antidiarrheic, astringent, or antiseptic agents, as well as for the treatment of burns, and inflammation of oral and anal mucosa. This review provides an overview of the polyphenolic constituents isolated and identified from Quercus species. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies are reviewed and discussed, focusing on anti-viral and anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-oxidative effects of extracts from these plant species. Most of the pharmacological effects can be explained by the presence of high amounts of tannins or flavonoids, and to a lesser extent by other secondary metabolites, present in all plant parts. However, future efforts should concentrate less on in vitro, more on in vivo (precilinical studies) and more clinical trials in order to confirm traditional use in the light of a rational phytotherapy.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

ALT:

Serum alanine aminotransferase

AST:

Serum aspartate aminotransferase

BChE:

Butyrylcholinesterase

BHA:

Butylated hydroxyanisole

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

ERK:

Extracellular signal–regulated kinase

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

IL:

Interleukin

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MTT:

3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

TEAC:

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity

TNF-α:

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Didem Şöhretoğlu

  2. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100, Trabzon, Turkey

    Gülin Renda

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  1. Didem Şöhretoğlu
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Şöhretoğlu, D., Renda, G. The polyphenolic profile of Oak (Quercus) species: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Phytochem Rev 19, 1379–1426 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09707-3

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