Sustainable solutions are needed to solve current problems related to health, agriculture, medicine, and environment. In this context, the I EIAMNP Joint Meeting (VI Iberoamerican Natural Products Congress, PSE and III Indo-Spanish Symposium Meeting on Natural Products and their Applications, and Reunión del Grupo Especializado de Productos Naturales de la RSEQ) held in Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain on May 30th-June 2nd, 2018 was organized by CSIC, Spain to bring together scientists and students from academia, research institutions, industry and government to deliberate on the basic and applied aspects of research on natural products. Scientists, industry professionals and research scholars from Spain, Netherlands, Italy, UK, France, Switzerland, Mexico, Chile, Colombia and India, among others, participated in the conference.

This Symposium provided a wonderful platform for deliberations about the past present and future of plant, and microbial products of terrestrial and marine origin. As a result of this Symposium, this Phytochemistry Reviews Special Issue has been edited having a selection of articles related to this Symposium with the aim to bring up to date work on plant and microbial products and new tools for the understanding the role of natural products and new synthetic and biomimetic approaches to generate molecular diversity. The developmental prospects in agriculture, biomedical, health, nutrition, and other interrelated sciences along with some of the emerging trends in the subject area were discussed and integrated in this Issue including:

Natural product biosynthesis and synthesis

Botrytis species as biocatalysts

Chemical synthesis of terpenoids with participation of cyclizations plus rearrangements of carbocations: a current overview

Genomic tools and natural products

Biocontrol capabilities of the genus Serratia

Recent approaches on the genomic analysis of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum spp.

Natural products and environment

For antagonists and mutualists: the paradox of insect toxic secondary metabolites in nectar and pollen

Natural products from plants and their applications

Chemistry and biological activity of alkaloids from the genus Schizanthus

Karanja (Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi): a tropical tree with varied applications

Commercial development of plant essential oils and their constituents as active ingredients in bioinsecticides

Exploring Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter phytochemical diversity to explain its antimicrobial, nematicidal and insecticidal activity

Natural products from endophytes and their applications

Therapeutic agents from endophytes harbored in Asian medicinal plants

Endophytic microorganisms for biocontrol of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea