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Effect of sodium nitroprusside on responses of Melissa officinalis to bicarbonate exposure and direct Fe deficiency stress

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

In our study, one-month-old Melissa officinalis plants were subjected to Fe-deficiency treatments, such as 10 µM Fe (as direct iron deficiency, DD), and 30 µM Fe + 10 mM NaHCO3 + 0.5 g l−1 CaCO3 (as indirect iron deficiency, ID), and 30 µM Fe (as control) for 14 d. Both Fe-deficiency types reduced plant growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, an active Fe content in roots and leaves, root Fe(III)-reducing capacity, Fe-use efficiency, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, a ratio of variable to basic fluorescence, and activities of antioxidant enzymes, while they increased lipid peroxidation and a H2O2 content in leaves. These effects were more pronounced in plants exposed to ID with bicarbonate than those of DD plants. We showed that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as NO donor, could ameliorate the adverse effects of bicarbonate on above traits. The methylene blue, as NO blocker, reversed the protective effects conferred by SNP in the ID-treated plants as well as DD plants. These findings suggests that NO protects photosynthesis and growth of IDtreated plants as well as DD plants by contribution in availability and/or delivery of metabolically active iron or by changing activities of reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes.

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Abbreviations

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

C:

control

CAT:

catalase

Car:

carotenoids

Chl:

chlorophyll

DD:

direct Fe deficiency

DHAR:

dehydroascorbate reductase

DM:

dry mass

F0 :

minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state

Fv/Fm :

maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry

FM:

fresh mass

ID:

indirect Fe deficiency

MDA:

malondialdehyde

MB:

methylene blue

NO:

nitric oxide

POX:

peroxidase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SNAP:

S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine

SNP:

sodium nitroprusside

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

    R. Amooaghaie & Sh. Roohollahi

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  1. R. Amooaghaie
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  2. Sh. Roohollahi
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Correspondence to R. Amooaghaie.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a financial grant of Shahrekord University, Iran. The authors are grateful to Dr. Akbar Mostajeran for his kind cooperation and help in providing laboratory facilities for this research, and for his guidance.

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Amooaghaie, R., Roohollahi, S. Effect of sodium nitroprusside on responses of Melissa officinalis to bicarbonate exposure and direct Fe deficiency stress. Photosynthetica 55, 153–163 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0240-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-016-0240-8

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