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Effects of the interaction between ozone and carbon dioxide on gas exchange, photosystem II and antioxidants in rice leaves

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Photosynthetica

Abstract

To understand the interactive effects of O3 and CO2 on rice leaves; gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, ascorbic acid and glutathione were examined under acute (5 h), combined exposures of O3 (0, 0.1, or 0.3 cm3 m−3, expressed as O0, O0.1, or O0.3, respectively), and CO2 (400 or 800 cm3 m−3, expressed as C400 or C800, respectively) in natural-light gas-exposure chambers. The net photosynthetic rate (P N), maximum (Fv/Fm) and operating (Fq′/Fm′) quantum efficiencies of photosystem II (PSII) in young (8th) leaves decreased during O3 exposure. However, these were ameliorated by C800 and fully recovered within 3 d in clean air (O0 + C400) except for the O0.3 + C400 plants. The maximum PSII efficiency at 1,500 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD (Fv′/Fm′) for the O0.3 + C400 plants decreased for all measurement times, likely because leaves with severely inhibited P N also had a severely damaged PSII. The P N of the flag (16th) leaves at heading decreased under O3 exposure, but the decline was smaller and the recovery was faster than that of the 8th leaves. The Fq′/Fm′ of the flag leaves in the O0.3 + C400 and O0.3 + C800 plants decreased just after gas exposure, but the Fv/Fm was not affected. These effects indicate that elevated CO2 interactively ameliorated the inhibition of photosynthesis induced by O3 exposure. However, changes in antioxidant levels did not explain the above interaction.

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Abbreviations

AA:

ascorbic acid

C i :

intercellular CO2 concentration

Chl:

chlorophyll

DHA:

dehydroascorbic acid

g s :

stomatal conductance

F′:

steady fluorescence

F0 :

minimum flouorescence of dark-adapted state

F0′:

minimum fluorescence in the steady state

Fm :

maximum fluorescence of dark-adapted state

Fm′:

maximum fluorescence in the steady state

Fq′:

difference between Fm′ and F′

Fv :

variable fluorescence

Fv′:

variable fluorescence in the steady state

GSH:

glutathione

GSSG:

oxidized glutathione

P N :

net photosynthetic rate

PPFD:

photosynthetic photon flux density

PSII:

photosystem II

qN :

nonphotochemical quenching coefficient

qP :

photochemical quenching coefficient

R D :

respiration rate

RDS:

redox state

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported in part by a grant for the Private University Strategic Infrastructure Formation Support Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (No. S0901028). The authors are grateful to editors and anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions.

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  1. School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan

    H. Kobayakawa & K. Imai

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  1. H. Kobayakawa
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  2. K. Imai
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Correspondence to K. Imai.

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Kobayakawa, H., Imai, K. Effects of the interaction between ozone and carbon dioxide on gas exchange, photosystem II and antioxidants in rice leaves. Photosynthetica 49, 227–238 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11099-011-0024-0

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