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Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in stroke rehabilitation: prevalence and association with outcomes

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Abstract

Background Evidence is scarce regarding polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in rehabilitation medicine. Aim To investigate the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIMs and their association with outcomes in stroke rehabilitation. Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 849 older inpatients post-stroke. Polypharmacy was defined as six or more medications, and PIMs were defined based on Beers criteria 2019. Study outcomes included functional independence measure (FIM)-motor, FIM-cognitive, energy intake, dysphagia, length of hospital stay, and the rate of home discharge. To consider the effect of pharmacotherapy during rehabilitation, multivariate analyses were used to determine whether the presence of polypharmacy or PIMs at discharge was associated with outcomes. Results After enrollment, 361 patients (mean age 78.3 ± 7.7 years; 49.3% male) were analyzed. Polypharmacy was observed in 43.8% and 62.9% of patients, and any PIMs were observed in 64.8% and 65.4% of patients at admission and discharge, respectively. The most frequently prescribed PIMs included antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and proton pump inhibitors. Polypharmacy was negatively associated with FIM-motor score (β = − 0.062, P = 0.049), FIM-cognitive score (β = − 0.076, P = 0.014), energy intake (β = − 0.143, P = 0.005), and home discharge (OR: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.248, 0.847; P = 0.013). PIMs were negatively associated with home discharge (OR: 0.375; 95% CI: 0.195, 0.718; P = 0.003). Conclusion Polypharmacy and PIMs are commonly found among older patients undergoing stroke rehabilitation. Moreover, polypharmacy was negatively associated with activities of daily living (ADL) but not with PIMs and ADLs, and both were associated with home discharge.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the Nutrition Support Team of Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital for their support of this study.

Funding

This research did not receive any funding from agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan

    Ayaka Matsumoto

  2. Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, 760 Magate, Kikuyo-Town, Kikuchi-County, Kumamoto, 869-1106, Japan

    Yoshihiro Yoshimura

  3. Department of Rehabilitation, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan

    Fumihiko Nagano, Takahiro Bise & Yoshifumi Kido

  4. Department of Nutritional Management, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan

    Sayuri Shimazu

  5. Department of Dental Office, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan

    Ai Shiraishi

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  1. Ayaka Matsumoto
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Correspondence to Yoshihiro Yoshimura.

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Matsumoto, A., Yoshimura, Y., Nagano, F. et al. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications in stroke rehabilitation: prevalence and association with outcomes. Int J Clin Pharm 44, 749–761 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-022-01416-5

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