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Validation of the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale among Lebanese diabetic patients

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International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background Adherence to oral antidiabetics plays a pivotal role in controlling diabetes. Healthcare workers evaluate this adherence when visited by patients. Objectives The primary objective of this study was to validate the existing LMAS-14 (Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale) in Lebanese diabetic adults. The secondary objective was to evaluate factors affecting adherence among this population. Setting The main five Lebanese governorates. Methods This study was conducted between May and September 2019, and community dwelling adult participants were enrolled using a proportionate random sample. The scale was validated using factor analysis and reliability testing, while bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed correlates of adherence. Main outcomes measures Validity of LMAS-14. Results A total of 308 participants were included, and the response rate was 91.25%. All LMAS-14 items converged over a solution of four factors, explaining a total of 64.39% of the variance (α = 0.859). The cutoff point between controlled and uncontrolled patients was set at 11. The sensitivity and specificity were good at this cutoff (71.1% and 94.74%, respectively). Results showed that 167 (57.2%) patients had good medication adherence. Advanced age (Beta = 0.046; p = 0.001) and having medical coverage (Beta = 1.452; p = 0.005) were significantly associated with higher adherence. Furthermore, adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs (Beta = 1.197; p = 0.018), female gender (Beta = 2.695; p = 0.011), and taking dyslipidemia medication (Beta = 3.527; p = 0.005) predicted higher diabetes control. Conclusion This study validated the LMAS among Lebanese adult diabetic patients taking oral antidiabetic drug. Advanced age and having medical coverage were associated with higher medication adherence. Further national studies are warranted to corroborate our findings.

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Abbreviations

LMAS:

Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale

OAD:

Oral antidiabetic drugs

WHO:

World Health Organization

DMAS:

Diabetes Medication Adherence Scale

PPV:

Positive predictive

NPV:

Value negative predictive value

PAI:

Physical Activity Index

ADA:

American Diabetes Association

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the School of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Ethics approval

The present study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee at the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross (HPC-001-2020).

Consent to participate

A written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrolling in the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon

    Liliane Ibrahim, Lina Ibrahim, Rola Bou Serhal & Nadine Saleh

  2. INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon

    Souheil Hallit, Pascale Salameh, Hala Sacre & Marwan Akel

  3. Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon

    Souheil Hallit

  4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Pascale Salameh

  5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Pascale Salameh & Nadine Saleh

  6. School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Marwan Akel

  7. Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Rola Bou Serhal

  8. Department of Life Science and Health Education, Faculty of Public Health, Strasbourg University, Alsace, France

    Rola Bou Serhal

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  1. Liliane Ibrahim
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Ibrahim, L., Ibrahim, L., Hallit, S. et al. Validation of the Lebanese Medication Adherence Scale among Lebanese diabetic patients. Int J Clin Pharm 43, 918–927 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01197-9

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