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Management of common ailments requiring referral in the pharmacy: a mystery shopping intervention study

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy volume 39, pages 697–703 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Background Pharmacists can play a key role in managing ailments through their primary roles of supplying over-the-counter (non-prescription) medicines and advice-giving. It must be ensured that pharmacy staff practise in an evidence-based, guideline-compliant manner. To achieve this, mystery shopping can be used as an intervention to assess and train pharmacy staff. Objective To determine if repeated student pharmacist mystery shopping with immediate feedback affected the outcome of scenarios requiring referral to a medical practitioner. To determine what, if any, factors may influence whether referral occurred. Setting Thirteen community pharmacies across metropolitan Sydney, Australia. Methods Sixty-one student pharmacist mystery shoppers visited 13 community pharmacies across metropolitan Sydney once weekly over nine weeks between March–October 2015 to conduct audio-recorded mystery shopping visits with assigned scenarios (asthma, dyspepsia, diarrhoea). Students returned to the pharmacy immediately to provide staff members with feedback. Pharmacy staff were scored by mystery shoppers according to a standardised scoresheet. Score data and other characteristics, such as the assigned scenario, were analysed via correlation and logistic regression modelling. Main outcome measure Whether a student mystery shopper was appropriately referred to a medical practitioner based on the presenting symptoms. Results 158 visits were eligible for analysis. Referral to a medical practitioner was appropriately made in 66% of visits. The regression model provided an R2 value of 0.73; the questioning score of the interaction and if a pharmacist was involved in the interaction were significant predictor of appropriate outcome (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively). Statistically significant differences were found between median questioning and total scores of interactions involving a pharmacist compared to those that did not (p < 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between the number of visits and appropriate outcome (p > 0.05). Conclusions Mystery shopping with feedback did not improve pharmacy staff performance over time. Increased questioning and involvement of a pharmacist in the interaction were significant predictors of referral to a medical practitioner occurring.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge all of the Bachelor of Pharmacy students and the pharmacy staff who participated in this study.

Funding

This study was funded by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching (Grant No. SD14-4207); the Pharmacy Council of New South Wales (Grant No. G176927); and Alphapharm Pty Ltd (Grant No. G176862).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Jack Charles Collins, Carl Richard Schneider, Renee Faraj, Frances Wilson, Abilio Cesar de Almeida Neto & Rebekah Jane Moles

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  1. Jack Charles Collins
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  2. Carl Richard Schneider
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  3. Renee Faraj
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  4. Frances Wilson
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  5. Abilio Cesar de Almeida Neto
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  6. Rebekah Jane Moles
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Correspondence to Jack Charles Collins.

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Collins, J.C., Schneider, C.R., Faraj, R. et al. Management of common ailments requiring referral in the pharmacy: a mystery shopping intervention study. Int J Clin Pharm 39, 697–703 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0505-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0505-8

Keywords

  • Australia
  • Community pharmacy
  • Mystery shopping
  • OTC drugs
  • Pseudo patient
  • Referral
  • Simulated patient