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Drug Release from Surfactant-Containing Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Mechanism and Role of Surfactant in Release Enhancement

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Abstract

Purpose

To understand how surfactants affect drug release from ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), and to investigate different mechanisms of release enhancement.

Methods

Ternary ASDs containing ritonavir (RTV), polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVPVA) and a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween 80, Span 20 or Span 85) were prepared with rotary evaporation. Release profiles of ternary ASDs were measured with surface normalized dissolution. Phase separation morphologies of ASD compacts during hydration/dissolution were examined in real-time with a newly developed confocal fluorescence microscopy method. The water ingress rate of different formulations was measured with dynamic vapor sorption. Microscopy was employed to check for matrix crystallization during release studies.

Results

All surfactants improved drug release at 30% DL, while only SDS and Tween 80 improved drug release at higher DLs, although SDS promoted matrix crystallization. The dissolution rate of neat polymer increased when SDS and Tween 80 were present. The water ingress rate also increased in the presence of all surfactants. Surfactant-incorporation affected both the kinetic and thermodynamics factors governing phase separation of RTV-PVPVA-water system, modifying the phase morphology during ASD dissolution. Importantly, SDS increased the miscibility of RTV-PVPVA-water system, whereas other surfactants mainly affected the phase separation kinetics/drug-rich barrier persistence.

Conclusion

Incorporation of surfactants enhanced drug release from RTV-PVPVA ASDs compared to the binary system. Increased drug-polymer-water miscibility and disruption of the drug-rich barrier at the gel-solvent interface via plasticization are highlighted as two key mechanisms underlying surfactant impacts based on direct visualization of the phase separation process upon hydration and release.

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Data Availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary materials.

Abbreviations

AAPS:

Amorphous-amorphous phase separation

ASD:

Amorphous solid dispersions

ATR-FTIR:

Attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform infrared

DCM:

Dichloromethane

DL:

Drug loading

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

DVS:

Dynamic vapor sorption

HLB:

Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

HPMCAS:

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate

HPMCP:

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate

HTS:

High throughput screening

IDR:

Intrinsic dissolution apparatus

LoC:

Limit of congruency

PE:

Pass energies

PLM:

Polarized light microscopy

PVPVA:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate

RTV:

Ritonavir

RH:

Relative humidity

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SL:

Surfactant level

Span 20:

Sorbitan monolaurate

Span 85:

Sorbitan trioleate

T g :

Glass transition temperature

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

TPGS:

Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate

Tween 80:

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate

UV:

Ultraviolet

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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Funding

Ruochen Yang would like acknowledge ASTAR, Singapore, for funding. The authors would like to thank AbbVie Inc., for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Ruochen Yang & Lynne S. Taylor

  2. Development Sciences, Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA

    Geoff G. Z. Zhang & Hitesh S. Purohit

  3. Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Dmitry Y. Zemlyanov

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AbbVie funded the study and AbbVie and Purdue University jointly participated in study design, research, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing, reviewing, and approving the publication. RY and LST have no additional conflicts of interest to report. HSP, and GGZZ, are employees of AbbVie and may own AbbVie stock.

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Yang, R., Zhang, G.G.Z., Zemlyanov, D.Y. et al. Drug Release from Surfactant-Containing Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Mechanism and Role of Surfactant in Release Enhancement. Pharm Res 40, 2817–2845 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-023-03502-3

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