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Recent Developments on Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for Drug Delivery Applications

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Abstract

The field of Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is continuously expanding due to their exceptional unique properties and highly tunable nature, which finds applications in broad areas of modern science. Considering numerous possible IL and DES combinations prepared with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), they find applications in pharmaceutical sciences. They can also serve as potential components of drug formulations and hence they have drawn the attention of formulation scientists. Herein, the concept of pharmaceutical ILs and DESs are discussed briefly. The possible applications of these solvent systems for slow drug delivery including nanoscale drug delivery are discussed citing various examples from the published literature. Although the ILs and DESs are found to be suitable for various drug delivery applications but still none of the slow drug delivery vehicles based on these solvents is in practical use. The data relating to long-term toxicity upon administration in the human body followed by various safety evaluations, clinical trials, etc. are pending for such new drug delivery systems. However, proof of concept studies done on the retention of biological activities in the ionic form is quite encouraging and such studies indicate the possibility of application of such new systems in the development of biomedical research and related industries in near future.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES

The author thanks council of scientific and industrial research (CSIR) New Delhi for financial support. This bears the CSIR-CSMCRI communication No. 18/2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

    Idrees B. Qader

  2. Natural Products & Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India

    Kamalesh Prasad

  3. AcSIR- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Kamalesh Prasad

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KP provided substantial contributions to the conception of the review article, writing the draft, revision, corrections, communication etc., IBQ has contributed in terms of literature review and preparation of few tables used in the review article. KP and IBQ agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work.

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Correspondence to Kamalesh Prasad.

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Qader, I.B., Prasad, K. Recent Developments on Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for Drug Delivery Applications. Pharm Res 39, 2367–2377 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-022-03315-w

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