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Senescence and the Impact on Biodistribution of Different Nanosystems: the Discrepancy on Tissue Deposition of Graphene Quantum Dots, Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle and Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Young and Elder Animals

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Abstract

Purposes

Senescence is an inevitable and irreversible process, which may lead to loss in muscle and bone density, decline in brain volume and loss in renal clearance. Although aging is a well-known process, few studies on the consumption of nanodrugs by elderly people were performed.

Methods

We evaluated three different nanosystems: i) carbon based nanosystem (Graphene Quantum Dots, GQD), ii) polymeric nanoparticles and mesoporous silica (magnetic core mesoporous silica, MMSN). In previous studies, our group has already characterized GQD and MMSN nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering analysis, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman analysis, fluorescence and absorbance. The polymeric nanoparticle has been characterized by AFM and DLS. All the nanosystems were radiolabeled with 99 m-Tc by. The in vivo biodistribution/tissue deposition analysis evaluation was done using elder (PN270) and young (PN90) mice injected with radioactive nanosystems.

Results

The nanosystems used in this study were well-formed as the radiolabeling processes were stable. Biodistribution analysis showed that there is a decrease in the uptake of the nanoparticles in elder mice when compared to young mice, showing that is necessary to increase the initial dose in elder people to achieve the same concentration when compared to young animals.

Conclusion

The discrepancy on tissue distribution of nanosystems between young and elder individuals must be monitored, as the therapeutic effect will be different in the groups. Noteworthy, this data is an alarm that some specific conditions must be evaluated before commercialization of nano-drugs.

Changes between younger and elderly individuals are undoubtedly, especially in drug tissue deposition, biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. The same thought should be applied to nanoparticles. A comprehensive analysis on how age discrepancy change the biological behavior of nanoparticles has been performed.

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Abbreviations

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

TNF-alpha:

Tumor Necrosis factor-alpha

NPs:

Nanoparticles

PCL:

Polycaprolactone (PCL)

PDI:

Polydispersity index (PDI)

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering (DLS)

99mTc:

99mTechentium

MMSN:

Magnetic core mesoporous silica

GQDs:

Graphene quantum dots

PN90:

Postnatal day 90 (young animals)

PN270:

Postnatal day 270 (elder animals)

AFM:

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Sara Rhaissa Rezende dos Reis, Suyene Rocha Pinto, Edward Helal-Neto, Aline Oiveira da Silva de Barros & Ralph Santos-Oliveira

  2. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Frederico Duarte de Menezes

  3. Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigacion de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnologico (IDM), Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Ramon Martinez-Manez

  4. Departamento de Quımica, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Ramon Martinez-Manez

  5. CIBER de Bioingenierıa, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain

    Ramon Martinez-Manez

  6. Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Eduardo Ricci-Junior

  7. Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil

    Luciana Magalhaes Rebelo Alencar

  8. Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Patricia Cristina Lisboa

  9. Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ralph Santos-Oliveira

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  1. Sara Rhaissa Rezende dos Reis
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dos Reis, S.R.R., Pinto, S.R., de Menezes, F.D. et al. Senescence and the Impact on Biodistribution of Different Nanosystems: the Discrepancy on Tissue Deposition of Graphene Quantum Dots, Polycaprolactone Nanoparticle and Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Young and Elder Animals. Pharm Res 37, 40 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-019-2754-9

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