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Aqueous-Soluble, Non-Reversible Lipid Conjugate of Salmon Calcitonin: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vivo Activity

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Abstract

Purpose

A novel, non-reversible, aqueous-based lipidization strategy with palmitic acid as a model lipid was evaluated for conjugation with salmon calcitonin (sCT).

Materials and Methods

A water-soluble ε-maleimido lysine derivative of palmitic acid was synthesized from reaction of palmitic acid N-succinimidyl ester and ε-maleimido lysine. The latter was generated from reaction of α-Boc-lysine and methylpyrrolecarboxylate, with subsequent deprotection of the Boc group. The palmitic derivative was further conjugated with sCT via a thio-ether bond to produce Mal-sCT in aqueous solution. The identity and purity of Mal-sCT was confirmed by Electrospray Ionisation Mass spectrometry (ESI–MS) and HPLC.

Results

Yield of Mal-sCT was 83%. Dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism data suggested that Mal-sCT presented as a stable helical structure in aqueous solutions of varying polarity, with a propensity to aggregate at concentrations above 11 μM. Cellular uptake of Mal-sCT was twice that of sCT in the Caco-2 cell model, and the conjugate was more resistant to liver enzyme degradation. Mal-sCT exhibited comparable hypocalcemic activity to sCT when administered subcutaneously in the rat model at sCT equivalent dose of 0.114 mg/kg. Peroral Mal-sCT, however, produced variability in therapeutic outcome. While four out of six rats did not respond following intragastric gavage with Mal-sCT, two rats showed significantly suppressed plasma calcium levels (∼60% of baseline) for up to 10 h.

Conclusion

A novel non-reversible, water-soluble lipid conjugate of sCT was successfully synthesized that showed (1) different aggregation behavior and secondary structure, (2) improved enzymatic stability and cellular uptake, and (3) comparable hypocalcemic activity in vivo compared to sCT.

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Abbreviations

APCI:

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization

BA:

Bioavailability

ESI:

Electrospray Ionisation

MS:

Mass spectrometry

TCEP:

tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine

sCT:

salmon calcitonin

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a National University of Singapore Academic Research Fund (R148-000-045-112). Weiqiang Cheng is grateful to the National University of Singapore for financial support of his graduate studies. The authors thank Dr. J. Sivaraman (Department of Biological Sciences, NUS) for his help with the DLS experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    Weiqiang Cheng

  2. Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, Louisiana, 71209, USA

    Seetharama Satyanarayanajois

  3. Pharmacy, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Washington, 6009, Australia

    Lee-Yong Lim

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  1. Weiqiang Cheng
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Cheng, W., Satyanarayanajois, S. & Lim, LY. Aqueous-Soluble, Non-Reversible Lipid Conjugate of Salmon Calcitonin: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vivo Activity. Pharm Res 24, 99–110 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-006-9128-9

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