Non-ionic surfactant vesicles known as niosomes are synthetic vesicles with numerous pharmaceutical applications. In this study, a unique combination of two antibacterial macromolecules, lysostaphin protein and LL-37 peptide, was prepared in a nanoniosomal delivery system to evaluate the physicochemical properties of prepared niosomes and the possible synergistic interactions of niosomal drugs. Two different niosomal formulations of lysostaphin and LL-37 were prepared using a thin film hydration method and analyzed in terms of size, shape, entrapment efficiency, and FTIR spectroscopy. The stability of niosomes was evaluated at 4, 25, and 37°C. Also, the antibacterial activity of LL-37 as a single drug or in combination with lysostaphin was evaluated in free and encapsulated forms against E. coli and A. baumannii for 72 h using time kill assay. The optimal niosomal formulation was obtained by mixing surfactants (Span 60 and Tween 60; 2:1 w/w) and cholesterol at a ratio of 1:1 (w/w). Mean diameters of lysostaphin and LL-37 in optimal formulation were 508.50 and 292.65 nm respectively. This formulation showed spherical well-dispersed niosomes with high entrapment efficiency and had good stability at 4°C for 2 months. Furthermore, no chemical bond was formed between the niosomal membrane and lysostaphin or LL-37, according to FTIR analysis. Finally, a prolonged antibacterial activity of dual-drug-loaded niosomes was observed compared with their free form. The finding indicated that lysostaphin/LL-37 in a niosomal nanocarrier offers a delivery system with promising physicochemical properties for long-term protection against human chronic infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Sadeghi, S., Bakhshandeh, H., Cohan, R.A. et al. Physical-Chemical Characterizations of Synthetic Dual Niosomes for Antibacterial Delivery of Lysostaphin and LL-37. Pharm Chem J 57, 1418–1427 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-023-03005-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-023-03005-w