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High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Tool Steel with Increased Thermal Conductivity

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Abstract

The high-temperature oxidation behavior of tool steel with increased thermal conductivity was studied in two conditions, the soft annealed condition, and the quenched and tempered condition. First, calculations of the composition of the oxide layers formed were predicted using the CALPHAD method. Then, one group of samples was oxidized in a chamber furnace and another group was oxidized in an instrument for simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) for 100 h in the temperature range between 400 and 700 °C. The first samples were used for microscopic analysis of the oxide layers, and the second for the study of oxidation kinetics. Equations describing the high-temperature oxidation kinetics were derived. The kinetics can be described by three mathematical functions: exponential, parabolic and cubic, depending on the oxidation temperature and the heat treatment of the steel. It has been shown that quenched and tempered samples oxidize less (thinner oxide layer), resulting in a slower oxidation rate. The oxide layers formed consisted of three sublayers, the inner one is a magnetite (Fe, Mo, Ni)3O4, the middle one is a mixture of magnetite and hematite, and the outer one is hematite. At 600 and 700 °C, wüstite is also present in the middle and inner oxide sublayers. The higher temperatures resulted in thicker oxide layers. A difference in the oxidation of the steel matrix and carbides was observed, as some carbides remained in the oxide layer. Internal oxidation was also observed at 600 and 700 °C.

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Acknowledgements

Funding was provided by the Slovenian Research Agency ARRS program P2-0344 (B) and P2-0050 (C).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Tilen Balaško, Maja Vončina, Jaka Burja & Jožef Medved

  2. Institute of Metals and Technology, Lepi pot 11, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Jaka Burja & Barbara Šetina Batič

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  1. Tilen Balaško
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  2. Maja Vončina
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Tilen Balaško; Methodology, formal analysis, and investigation: Tilen Balaško, Jaka Burja and Barbara Šetina Batič; Writing—original draft preparation: Tilen Balaško and Jaka Burja; Writing—review, editing and supervision: Maja Vončina and Jožef Medved.

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Correspondence to Tilen Balaško.

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Balaško, T., Vončina, M., Burja, J. et al. High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Tool Steel with Increased Thermal Conductivity. Oxid Met 98, 135–161 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-022-10119-1

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