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Characterization of Oxide Scales Formed on Ferritic Stainless Steel 441 at 1,100 °C under water vapor

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Abstract

This study focuses on the characterization of the oxide scales formed after different exposure times in the range of 2.5–20 min. A commercially available ferritic steel grade AISI 441 was exposed to wet argon at 1100 °C with 5, 9 and 13% H2O. Raman microspectroscopy, XRD, EDS and XPS were used to fully characterize the oxide scale. For all samples exposed for over 4 min, the scale was constituted of three layers in this order: a thin top layer of spinel phases (Fe,Cr,Mn)3O4 with local outgrowths; a second and main layer of Cr2O3 + (Mn,Cr)3O4; and finally a bottom layer of SiO2. The uncommon presence of Fe in the top layer was also observed.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Linde AG for financing this research. The help of L. Bellot-Gurlet for Raman microspectroscopy experiments was also sincerely appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEMEF - Centre for Material Forming, CNRS UMR 7635, MINES ParisTech, PSL - Research University, CS10207 rue Claude Daunesse, 06904, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France

    Valentin Badin & Evelyne Darque-Ceretti

  2. Linde AG, Carl-von-Linde-Str. 25, 85716, Unterschleissheim, Germany

    Entela Diamanti & Pierre Forêt

Authors
  1. Valentin Badin
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  2. Entela Diamanti
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  3. Pierre Forêt
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  4. Evelyne Darque-Ceretti
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Correspondence to Valentin Badin.

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Badin, V., Diamanti, E., Forêt, P. et al. Characterization of Oxide Scales Formed on Ferritic Stainless Steel 441 at 1,100 °C under water vapor. Oxid Met 82, 347–357 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-014-9495-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-014-9495-2

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