Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Water Vapor on Selective Oxidation of Fe–Cr Alloys

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Oxidation of Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Binary Fe–Cr alloys containing 10 and 20 mass% Cr were studied with respect to isothermal oxidation behavior at 900 and 1,050 °C in Ar–20%O2, Ar–7%H2O and Ar–4%H2−7%H2O. Thermogravimetric analyses in combination with analytical studies using SEM/EDX and Raman Spectroscopy revealed, that in atmospheres in which water vapor is the source of oxygen, Cr exhibits a higher tendency to become internally oxidized than in the Ar–O2 gas. Contrary to previous studies which showed the presence of water vapor to affect transport processes in the scale, the present results thus reveal that the presence of water vapor also affects the transport processes in the alloy. This mechanism is an “easy” explanation of the frequently observed effect that Fe–Cr alloys with intermediate Cr contents (e.g. 10–20%, depending on temperature) exhibit protective chromia-rich scale formation in dry gases but breakaway type Fe-rich oxides in wet gases, provided the oxygen partial pressure is sufficiently high for Fe to become oxidized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  1. G. Hultquist, B. Tveten, and E. Hörnlund, Oxidation of Metals 54, 1 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Henry, J. Mougin, Y. Wouters, J.-P. Petit, and A. Galerie, Materials at High Temperature 17, 231 (2000).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Michalik, M. Hänsel, J. Zurek, L. Singheiser, and W. J. Quadakkers, Materials at High Temperature 22, 213 (2005).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. B. Tveten, G. Hultquist, and T. Norby, Oxidation of Metals 51, 221 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Henry, A. Galerie, and L. Antoni, Materials Science Forum 369–372, 353 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Żurek, D. J. Young, E. Essuman, M. Hänsel, H. J. Penkalla, L. Niewolak, and W. J. Quadakkers, Growth and adherence of chromia-based surface scales on Ni-base alloys in high- and low-pO2 gases, Materials Science and Engineering (in press). doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.05.035.

  7. C. S. Tedmon, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 113, 766 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. K. Hilpert, D. Das, M. Miller, D. H. Peck, and R. Weiss, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 143, 3642 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, M. Norell, and L.-G. Johansson, Oxidation of Metals 54, 11 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, and L.-G. Johansson, Corrosion Science 44, 2635 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, and L.-G. Johansson, Oxidation of Metals 57, 193 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. E. Segerdahl, J.-E. Svensson, and L.-G. Johansson, Materials and Corrosion 53, 247 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Ehlers, D. J. Young, E. J. Smaardijk, A. K. Tyagi, H. J. Penkalla, L. Singheiser, and W. J. Quadakkers, Corrosion Science 48, 3428 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Rahmel, and J. Tobolski, Corrosion Science 5, 333 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Galerie, Y. Wouters, and M. Caillet, Materials Science Forum 369–372, 231 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M. Schütze, D. Renusch, and M. Schorr, Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology 39, 157 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. D. Pelton, H. Schmalzried, and J. Sticher, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 40, 1103 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C. T. Fujii and R. A. Meussner, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 111, 1215 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C. T. Fujii and R. A. Meussner, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 110, 1195 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Żurek, M. Michalik, F. Schmitz, T.-U. Kern, L. Singheiser, and W. J. Quadakkers, Oxidation of Metals 63(5/6), 401 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  21. I. G. Wright, in Metals Handbook, Vol. 13, 9th edn. (ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1987), p. 97.

  22. E. Kunze, Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (Wiley-VCH, Germany, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  23. R. J. Ehlers, P. J. Ennis, L. Singheiser, W. J. Quadakkers, and T. Link, in Proceedings in European Federation of Corrosion Monograph. No. 34. M. Schütze, W. J. Quadakkers, and J. Nicholls, eds. (The Institute of Materials, London, 2001) p. 178, ISSN 1354–5116.

  24. C. Wagner, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 99, 369 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. R. A. Rapp, Acta Metallurgica 9, 730 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. F. Gesmundo, and F. Viani, Oxidation of Metals 25, 269 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. C. Wagner, Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie 63, 772 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. H. Swisher and E. T. Turkdogan, Transactions of the Metallurgical Society AIME 239, 426 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Fromm and E. Gebhardt, Gase und Kohlenstoff in Metallen (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1976).

    Google Scholar 

  30. D. P. Whittle, G. C. Wood, D. J. Evans, and D. B. Scully, Acta Metallurgica 15, 1747 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. C. Maris-Sida, G. H. Meier, and F. S. Pettit, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 34A, 2609 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Nakagawa, Y. Matsunaga, and T. Yanagisawa, Materials at High Temperature 18, 51 (2001).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Nakagawa, Y. Matsunaga, and T. Yanagisawa, Materials at High Temperature 20, 67 (2003).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Yang, M. S. Walker, P. Singh, and J. W. Stevenson, Electrochemical Solid State Letters 6, B35 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. W. Eichenauer, H. Künzig, and A. Pebler, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 49, 220 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. E. Park, B. Hüning, H. J. Grabke, and M. Spiegel, Defect and Diffusion Forum 237–240, 928 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  37. J. Ågren, Scripta Metallurgica 20, 1507 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. D. J. Young and B. A. Pint, Oxidation of Metals 66(3/4), 137 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Schütze, M. Schorr, D. P. Renusch, and J. P. T. Vossen, Materials Research 7(1), 111 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. R. Peraldi and B. A. Pint, Oxidation of Metals 61(5/6), 463 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M. Thiele, H. Teichmann, W. Schwarz, and W. J. Quadakkers, VGB Kraftwerkstechnik 77, 135 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Ikeda and K. Nii, Transactions of National Research Institute for Metals 26(1), 52 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  43. A. Galerie, S. Henry, Y. Wouters, M. Mermoux, J.-P. Petit, and L. Anton, Materials at High Temperatures 22, 105 (2005).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Ueda, M. Nanko, K. Kawamura, and T. Maruyama, Materials at High Temperatures 20(2), 109 (2003).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S. Hayashi, and T. Narita, Oxidation of Metals 58(3/4), 319 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Mr. Cosler for carrying out the TG tests, Mr. Wessel for SEM analyses, Mr. Niewolak and Mr. Piron-Abellan for their assistance in carrying out the LRS studies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEF-2, Julich, 52428, Germany

    E. Essuman, J. Żurek, M. Hänsel & W. J. Quadakkers

  2. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    G. H. Meier

Authors
  1. E. Essuman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. H. Meier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Żurek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Hänsel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W. J. Quadakkers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. J. Quadakkers.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Essuman, E., Meier, G.H., Żurek, J. et al. The Effect of Water Vapor on Selective Oxidation of Fe–Cr Alloys. Oxid Met 69, 143–162 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-007-9090-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-007-9090-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation