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Performance optimization of dual-stage and bidirectional pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier configuration for improved gain using multiparameter optimization algorithm

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Abstract

This paper demonstrated two thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) configurations, each optimized through a multiparameter optimization algorithm. The two configurations being presented are dual-stage and bidirectional pumped TDFA setups. The selection of thulium-doped fiber lengths and pump powers in both configurations is assisted by the multiparameter optimization algorithm with the goal of maximizing gain. The bidirectional pumping generates a maximum gain of 47.07 dB, while the dual-stage pumping attains an even higher gain of 60.01 dB. Resultantly, the dual-stage pumping configuration appears as the better option. Therefore, an in-depth analysis is performed on a dual-stage TDFA configuration, characterized on system level within the framework of a 12 × 100 Gbps wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system at channel spacing of 5 nm. The performance is assessed and compared specifically in the S-band in terms of gain, gain ripple, noise figure (NF), Q-factor and bit error rate. By configuring the input power per channel to an optimal value of − 30 dBm, a flat gain exceeding 49.62 dB is obtained with a gain ripple of 6.73 dB across the wavelength range of 1470–1525 nm. The impact of varying input power on gain and gain ripple is also investigated. Furthermore, low average NF of 4.52 dB is obtained. Additionally, a good Q-factor exceeding 10 dB is observed at each wavelength within the specified range. In summary, the research confirms the usefulness of the dual-stage TDFA configuration in improving the efficiency and reliability of optical communication networks.

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Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

    Hafiz Muhammad Obaid & Adeel Akram

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

    Hifsa Shahid

  3. Department of Telecommunication Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan

    Adeel Akram

  4. Department of Electrical Engineering, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zafrullah

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  1. Hafiz Muhammad Obaid
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  4. Muhammad Zafrullah
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Obaid, H.M., Shahid, H., Akram, A. et al. Performance optimization of dual-stage and bidirectional pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier configuration for improved gain using multiparameter optimization algorithm. Opt Quant Electron 56, 1085 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-07062-7

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