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Design and characterization of highly sensitive plasmonic sensor for pathogens detection in water

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Abstract

The photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based plasmonic sensors have drawn incredible attention from researchers in many research disciplines due to their versatility, quick response, label-free detection, design freedom, and low weight. Here, a gold-coated hexagonal lattice PCF sensor having an external analyte detection facility is proposed using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. The design and performance optimization of the proposed sensor has been completed using commercially available COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. Firstly, design parameters were optimized by varying one parameter at a time then the sensor performance was calculated using well-known intensity and wavelength interrogation techniques in the analyte refractive index (RI) ranging from 1.33–1.405. Excellent amplitude sensitivity (AS), (609.023 \(\text {RIU}^{-1}\)), and wavelength sensitivity (WS), (18,000 nm/RIU), along with an outstanding resolution (\(5.56 \times 10^{-6}\) RIU), are attained with optimum design parameters. Secondly, the sensor performance is carried out with four bacteria (common pathogens in water) such as Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia Coli (E. coli), Vibrio Cholera, and Bacillus Anthracis, and the sensor exhibits tremendous WS (nm/RIU) and AS (\(\text{RIU}^{-1}\)) of 7317.07 and 918.77, respectively. Owing to its straightforward design and high sensitivity, the proposed sensor can be effectively applied in any healthcare system to ensure safe drinking water.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper is not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Projects under Grant No. (IFPIP: 961-135-1443). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Institutional Fund Projects under Grant No. (IFPIP: 961-135-1443). Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Kazla, Rajshahi, 6204, Bangladesh

    Md. Rifat Jahan & Md. Aslam Mollah

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Md. Shofiqul Islam & Wassim Zouch

  3. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    M. Alharbi

Authors
  1. Md. Rifat Jahan
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  2. Md. Shofiqul Islam
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  3. M. Alharbi
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  4. Wassim Zouch
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  5. Md. Aslam Mollah
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Contributions

Conceptualization, M.R.J., M.S.I., and M.A.M.; methodology, M.A.M.; software, M.R.J., and M.A.M.; validation, M.R.J., M.S.I., M.A., W.Z., and M.A.M.; formal analysis, M.A.M.; investigation, M.A.M.; resources, M.S.I., and M.A.M.; data curation, M.A., W.Z.; writing—original draft preparation, M.R.J., M.A.M.; writing—review and editing, M.S.I., M.A., and W.Z.; visualization, M.R.J., and M.A.M; supervision, M.A.M.; project administration, M.A.M.; funding acquisition, M.S.I., M.A., W.Z. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Md. Aslam Mollah.

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Jahan, M.R., Islam, M.S., Alharbi, M. et al. Design and characterization of highly sensitive plasmonic sensor for pathogens detection in water. Opt Quant Electron 56, 781 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06477-6

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