Abstract
The manuscript represents a metamaterial-inspired superstrate patch antenna with a multiband response. The design consists of three superstrate layers over the patch antennaand SRRloaded over parasitic patches. The performance observation is carried out for 2–10 GHz. The simulation and fabrication are taken into consideration, and comparisonsbetween both of them are included. FR4 is used as a substrate material which helps reduce the structure's cost. The metamaterial approach is incorporated over superstrate regions for the improvement of results. The superstrate approach helps for enhancing the strength and Bandwidth of the design. Impedance response is analyzed for different resonating frequencies to check the metamaterial response. Two types of Parametric Analysis are considered to achieve the targeted goal, like changing feed position and the gap among superstrate layers. The presented work shows eight bands of reflectance response with a minimum value of − 44.83 dB with a Bandwidth of 3.139 GHz, peak directivity of 3.16 dB, a gain of 8.02 dB at 9.04 GHz, maximum E-field distribution of 1.160 × 105 v/m at 6.52 GHz. Presented work compared with other design structures to identify the improvement. Many wireless communication-related applications like military, WiMAX, and Maritime mobile services.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
References
Ali, T., Biradar, R.C.: A compact multiband antenna using λ/4 rectangular stub loaded with metamaterial for IEEE 802.11N and IEEE 802.16E. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 59, 1000–1006 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.30454
Aliqab, K., Lavadiya, S., Alsharari, M., Armghan, A., Daher, M.G., Patel, S.K.: Design and fabrication of a low-cost, multiband and high gain square tooth-enabled metamaterial superstrate microstrip patch antenna. Micromachines 14, 163 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010163
Armghan, A., Patel, S.K., Lavadiya, S., Qamar, S., Alsharari, M., Daher, M.G., Althuwayb, A.A., Alenezi, F., Aliqab, K.: Design and fabrication of compact, multiband, high gain, high isolation, metamaterial-based MIMO antennas for wireless communication systems. Micromachines 14, 357 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020357
Asaadi, M., Sebak, A.: Gain and bandwidth enhancement of 2 × 2 square dense dielectric patch antenna array using a holey superstrate. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16, 1808–1811 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2679698
Attia, H., Siddiqui, O., Yousefi, L., Ramahi, O.M. Metamaterial for Gain Enhancement of Printed Antennas: Theory, Measurements and Optimization. In Proceedings of the 2011 Saudi International Electronics, Communications and Photonics Conference (SIECPC); IEEE, April 2011; pp. 1–6
Balanis CA, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design; 2016;
Bharti, G., Sivia, J.S.A.: Design of multiband nested square shaped ring fractal antenna with circular ring elements for wireless applications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 108, 115–125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC20110601
Elavarasi, C., Shanmuganantham, T.: Multiband SRR loaded Koch star fractal antenna. Alexandria Eng. J. 57, 1549–1555 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.04.001
Gianola, P. General Computation of Co-Polar and Cross-Polar Components of Arbitrary Aperture Coupled Multilayer Microstrip Antennas. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP); I.E.E., 1995; Vol. 1995, pp. v1–29-v1–29.
Hindy, M.A., ElSagheer, R.M., Yasseen, M.S.: Experimental retrieval of the negative parameters “permittivity and permeability” based on a circular split ring resonator (csrr) left handed metamaterial. J. Electr. Syst. Inf. Technol. 5, 208–215 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesit.2017.05.004
Jetti, C.R., Nandanavanam, V.R.: Compact MIMO antenna with WLAN band-notch characteristics for portable U.W.B Systems. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 88, 1–12 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2528/pierc18092302
Kumar, A., Pharwaha, A.P.S.: On the design of novel half T-square strip fractal antenna. Int. J. Electron. 108, 1774–1789 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207217.2020.1870745
Kumar, R., Saini, G.S., Singh, D.: Compact tri-band patch antenna for ku band applications. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 103, 45–58 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERC20013101
Kumar, A., Singh, G., Sahoo, B.C.: Metamaterial inspired pin wheel fractal shaped antenna using parasitic split ring resonator for modern wireless applications. A. e. u. Int. J. Electron. Commun. 139, 153931 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153931
Latif, S.I., Shafai, L., Shafai, C.: Gain and efficiency enhancement of compact and miniaturised microstrip antennas using multi-layered laminated conductors. IET Microwaves Antennas Propag. 5, 402–411 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2010.0061
Li, D., Szabo, Z., Qing, X., Li, E.P., Chen, Z.N.: A high gain antenna with an optimized metamaterial inspired superstrate. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 60, 6018–6023 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2213231
Lier, E., Jakobsen, K.R.: Rectangular microstrip patch antennas with infinite and finite ground plane dimensions. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 31, 978–984 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1983.1143164
Llombart, N., Neto, A., Gerini, G., de Maagt, P.: Planar circularly symmetric E.B.G. structures for reducing surface waves in printed antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 53, 3210–3218 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2005.856365
Mao, C.X., Khalily, M., Zhang, L., Xiao, P., Sun, Y., Werner, D.H.: Compact patch antenna with vertical polarization and omnidirectional radiation characteristics. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 69, 1158–1161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2020.3008032
Markos, P., Soukoulis, C.: Transmission properties and effective electromagnetic parameters of double negative metamaterials. Opt. Express 11, 649 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.11.000649
Pirhadi, A., Keshmiri, F., Hakkak, M., Tayarani, M.: Analysis and design of dual band high directive EBG resonator antenna using square loop fss as superstrate layer. Prog. Electromagn. Res. 70, 1–20 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER07010201
Rajak, N., Chattoraj, N., Mark, R.: Metamaterial cell inspired high gain multiband antenna for wireless applications. A.e.u.–int J. Electron. Commun. 109, 23–30 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2019.07.003
Ramachandran, T., Faruque, M.R.I., Islam, M.T.: Symmetric square shaped metamaterial structure with quintuple resonance frequencies for S, C, X and Ku band applications. Sci. Rep. 11, 4270 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83715-x
Ray, K.P., Pandey, M.D., Krishnan, S.: Determination of resonance frequency of hexagonal and half hexagonal microstrip antennas. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 49, 2876–2879 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.22843
Sharma, N., Bhatia, S.S.: Design of printed monopole antenna with band notch characteristics for ultra-wideband applications. Int. J. RF Microw. Comput. Eng. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21894
Sharma, N., Bhatia, S.S.: Metamaterial inspired fidget spinner-shaped antenna based on parasitic split ring resonator for multi-standard wireless applications. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 34, 1471–1490 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2019.1654412
Sharma, A., Dwivedi, V.K., Singh, G.: THz rectangular microstrip patch antenna on multilayered substrate for advance wireless communication systems. In Proceedings of the Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium 1, 617–621 (2009)
Sharma, V., Lakwar, N., Kumar, N., Garg, T.: Multiband low-cost fractal antenna based on parasitic split ring resonators. IET Microwaves Antennas Propag. 12, 913–919 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2017.0623
Siddiqui, M.G., Saroj, A.K., Tiwari, D., Sayeed, S.S.: Koch-sierpinski fractal microstrip antenna for C/X/Ku-band applications. Aust. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 16, 369–377 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/1448837X.2019.1677121
Singh, A.K., Abegaonkar, M.P., Koul, S.K.: High-gain and high-aperture-efficiency cavity resonator antenna using metamaterial superstrate. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16, 2388–2391 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2017.2719864
Smith, D.R., Vier, D.C., Koschny, T., Soukoulis, C.M.: Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials. Phys. Rev. E 71, 036617 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.71.036617
Sohi, A.K., Kaur, A.: Hexa-band suppression characteristics from a fork-shaped UWB-MIMO antenna loaded with complementary split-ring resonator and slots. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 34, 2194–2219 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2020.1809533
Sran, S.S., Sivia, J.S.: ANN and I.F.S. based wearable hybrid fractal antenna with DGS for S C and X band application. AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun. 127, 153425 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2020.153425
Suthar, H., Sarkar, D., Saurav, K., Srivastava, K.V. Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using near-zero index metamaterial (NZIM) Lens. In Proceedings of the 2015 Twenty First National Conference on Communications (N.C.C.); IEEE, February 2015; pp. 1–6
Szabo, Z., Park, G.-H., Hedge, R., Li, E.-P.: A unique extraction of metamaterial parameters based on Kramers–Kronig relationship. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 58, 2646–2653 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2010.2065310
Thai, T.T., DeJean, G.R., Tentzeris, M.M.: design and development of a novel compact soft-surface structure for the front-to-back ratio improvement and size reduction of a microstrip yagi array antenna. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 7, 369–373 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2008.2001818
Wang, S., Li, K., Kong, F., Du, L.: A miniaturized triple-band planar antenna combing single-cell metamaterial structure and defected ground plane for WLAN/WiMAX applications. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 35, 357–370 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2020.1839569
Zhu, H., Cheung, S.W., Yuk, T.I.P.: Enhancing antenna boresight gain using a small metasurface lens: reduction in half-power beamwidth. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 58, 35–44 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/MAP.2015.2501235
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PR: Conceptualization, Methodology, Visualization, Investigation, Data Validation and Writing—Original draft preparation; CPS: Supervision and Data Curation, Reviewing and Editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Prabha, R., Pandian, S.C. Design and analysis of metamaterial inspired multiband, high gain superstrate patch antenna for military applications, WiMAX, and maritime mobile services. Opt Quant Electron 56, 234 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05962-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05962-8