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Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial utilizing bright-dark mode coupling between electric and toroidal resonances

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Abstract

We investigated an electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial and provided a comprehensive demonstration of its tunable electromagnetic characteristics in the terahertz region. Within a unit cell, a pair of horizontally aligned metal wires induces electric resonance, functioning as bright mode resonators. Additionally, a hybrid structure composed of metal and vanadium dioxide is employed to generate toroidal resonance, serving as dark mode resonators. Analysis of the scattered power reveals an enhancement of the energy associated with toroidal resonance within the transparent window. Simulation results illustrate a gradual reduction in the coupling strength of the electromagnetically induced transparency effect, and the transparency peak shifts toward the lower frequency range with decreasing conductivity of vanadium dioxide. Ultimately, the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon dissipates, resulting in a transmission spectrum characterized by a resonance curve. Theoretical analysis based on a two-coupled oscillator model unveils that the tunable effect of the electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial is attributed to the modulation of damping rate and intrinsic resonant frequency of the dark mode resonator, achieved through adjustments in the conductivity of vanadium dioxide. This proposed approach holds promise for enhancing electromagnetically induced transparency implementations and expanding the application domains of toroidal metamaterials.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The work was financially supported by Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant NO. LH2022F040) and Harbin University Doctor Found (grant NO. HUDF2020108).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086, China

    Chang Shu, Hongyi Sun, Liying Chen & Yan Sun

  2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China

    Jinshuo Mei

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  1. Chang Shu
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  4. Liying Chen
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  5. Yan Sun
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All authors reviewed the manuscript. The main manuscript and the graphic drawing were performed by CS. The revision work is carried out by JM and HS. The references were made by LC and YS.

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Correspondence to Chang Shu.

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Shu, C., Mei, J., Sun, H. et al. Tunable electromagnetically induced transparency metamaterial utilizing bright-dark mode coupling between electric and toroidal resonances. Opt Quant Electron 56, 43 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05647-2

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