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Quantum hyper-entangled system with multiple qubits based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion and birefringence effect

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Abstract

Quantum hyper-entangled system with multiple qubits have garnered significant interest and are considered essential resources for various quantum applications. The generation of entangled photon pairs with multiple qubits has long been a sought-after goal in modern quantum technologies. However, the current quantum entangled system is limited to small number of qubits due to the constrained down-conversion efficiency. In this work, a multiple qubits hyper-entangled system in polarization and path is proposed by combining quantum conversion and classical conversion techniques. The spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) is achieved using a high-power pump laser and a BBO film to generate two qubits of polarization-entangled photons, representing the quantum conversion. Subsequently, a BBO cube is employed to realize the birefringence effect (BE), generating multiple qubits of path-entangled photons as part of the classical conversion. To achieve highly efficient quantum hyper-entangled photon pair generation, BBO cubes are cascaded, ensuring that the expansion of qubits does not compromise the conversion efficiency of the entire system. The state function and the hyper-entangled correlation are analysed to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed system. The proposed SPDC-BE method significantly extends the number of qubits involved in quantum entanglement. In addition to the thought-provoking structure, this method offers new insights into the study of quantum mechanics.

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Data availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 62235009).

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  1. Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Street, 100084, Beijing, China

    Yiqian Yang & Liangcai Cao

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  1. Yiqian Yang
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  2. Liangcai Cao
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Correspondence to Liangcai Cao.

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Yang, Y., Cao, L. Quantum hyper-entangled system with multiple qubits based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion and birefringence effect. Opt Quant Electron 56, 12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05590-2

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