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Effect of ZnO doping co-carried out by Co–Cu on nonlinear optical properties prepared by the spin coating method

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Abstract

In the present work, thin films of ZnO co-doped with Co and Cu cations were obtained on glass substrate, combining the sol gel process and spin-coating technique. For the compound, the general chemical formula used was: Zn1-x-zCoxCuzO, [(x; z) = (0.00; 0.00), (0.02; 0.02), (0.04; 0.04) and (0.06; 0.06)]. For pure ZnO film, the surface morphology is composed by small spherical grains that present interstitial spaces, while the films obtained from the simultaneous Co and Cu insertion in the ZnO structure are more dense and interstitial spaces disappear. For all films, the X-ray diffraction patterns testify the monophasic phase formation, typical of the hexagonal structure of ZnO. In addition, the films presented preferential orientation in the (002) direction. It was demonstrated that the Zn2+ cations by Co2+ and Cu2+ cations replacement, causes relevant modifications in the lattice parameter (c), crystallite size (D), dislocation density (δ), strain (εc) and stress (σc) of the hexagonal structure wurtzite from ZnO. The Co and Cu cations inclusion in the ZnO host lattice, alto caused a decrease in the optical band gap energy (3.37 for 3.16 eV), which is related to the charge transfer between the 4f level electrons and the conduction band or valence band of ZnO. Finally, for all films thin the linear and non-linear optical constants were computed and analyzed, showing variations that depend on the concentration of the dopant cations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Materials Physics and Its Applications, University of M’sila, 28000, M’sila, Algeria

    Abdelkader Mohammedi, Miloud Ibrir & Nadir Bouarissa

  2. Faculty of Sciences, University of M’sila, 28009, M’sila, Algeria

    Abdelkader Mohammedi, Omar Meglali, Miloud Ibrir & Nadir Bouarissa

  3. Materials Science and Informatics Laboratory, Ziane Achour University, Djelfa, Algeria

    Omar Meglali

  4. Institut de Disseny, Fabricació I Producció Automatitzada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain

    Bernabé Marí

  5. Interdisciplinary Laboratory Advanced Materials (Limav), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil

    R. Peña-Garcia

  6. Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, 54518-430, Brazil

    R. Peña-Garcia

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  1. Abdelkader Mohammedi
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Contributions

AM: Performed the experiences of this work. OM: Performed the experiences of this work. MI: Supervised and developed the experience. BM and RP-G: Verified the development of experiences. NB: Supervised the findings of this work. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nadir Bouarissa.

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Mohammedi, A., Meglali, O., Ibrir, M. et al. Effect of ZnO doping co-carried out by Co–Cu on nonlinear optical properties prepared by the spin coating method. Opt Quant Electron 56, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05577-z

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