Abstract
The temporal behavior and formation characteristics have been investigated for the first time in nonlinear optical media exhibiting photorefractive effect due to simultaneous linear and quadratic electro-optic effect. The space charge field which is a function of time is derived and hence leads to the time dependent wave equation satisfied by light beams in such novel photorefractive materials. The soliton width evolution and hence the evolution of the nonlinearity with time is investigated for different values of peak intensity ratio. The dark soliton formation does not show quasi steady state behaviour and only steady state solitons are formed. There is interplay between the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect that affects the formation of dark solitons. Finally, the effect of crystal temperature on the formation of dark solitons is studied. In a photorefractive crystal, the temperature modification results in consequent changes in dark irradiance and dielectric constant which has a profound effect on the time evolution of these dark solitons. A relevant example of 0.67PMN-0.33PT crystal has been considered for an illustration of our results.
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One of the authors (Aavishkar Katti) acknowledges financial assistance from DST-SERB (Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board), Govt. of India through the Core Research Grant awarded (File No. CRG/2021/004740).
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AK was responsible for theoretical modelling and analysis of results. MP was responsible for overall technical guidance throughout the study. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Katti, A., Pande, M. Formation characteristics of dark solitons in photorefractive crystals having both linear and quadratic electro-optic effect simultaneously. Opt Quant Electron 55, 1132 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05424-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05424-1