Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Down conversation visible emission spectra of Cr3+ doped gadolinium aluminium garnet

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The preparation of gadolinium aluminium garnet (GAG) doped with Cr3+ ions (Cr: GAG) was carried out using the sol–gel technique, followed by sintering at 1100 °C. X-ray diffraction characterization was performed to investigate the effects of Cr3+ doping on the GAG phase. The results revealed that Cr3+ doping induced strain in GAG, leading to a phase effect and an increase in crystallite size. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe the particle size, morphology, and a comparison of crystallite size with particle size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the interaction between metal and oxygen in the lattice and assess the material's composition. UV spectroscopy and fluorescence spectra were employed to comprehensively study the optical characteristics of Cr: GAG. Chromaticity coordinates, correlated color temperature, and color rendering index were explored at 282 nm excitation. Decay curve analysis revealed that the material’s lifetime increased with an increase in the Cr3+ doping concentration in GAG. Fluorescence spectra exhibited multiple peaks, indicating multicolor emission and suggesting the potential for creating efficient white light sources using Cr: GAG. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of Cr3+ doping in GAG for tuning the optical properties and creating novel light-emitting energy- efficient materials with promising applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, L., Klug, H.P.: Determination of crystallite size with the X-ray spectrometer. J. Appl. Phys. 21, 137–142 (1950)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bala, A., Rani, S.: UV excited emission spectra of gadolinium aluminium garnet. J. Opt. 52, 868–874 (2022b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bala, A., Rani, S.: Down conversions excitation dependent luminescent properties of terbium aluminum garnet. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2267, 012113 (2022a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkel, A., Denault, K.A., George, N.C., Doll, C.E., Hery, B., Mikhailovsky, A.A., Birkel, C.S., Hong, B.C., Seshadri, R.: Rapid microwave preparation of highly efficient Ce3+-substituted garnet phosphors for solid state white lighting. Chem. Mater. 24, 1198–1204 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer, A.M.: Standards for photoluminescence quantum yield measurements in solution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 83, 2213–2228 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaika, M., Tomala, R., Vovk, O., Nizhankovskyi, S., Mancardi, G., Strek, W.: Upconversion luminescence in Cr3+: YAG single crystal under infrared excitation. J. Lumin. 226, 117467 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devaraja, P.B., Nagabhushana, H., Sharma, S.C., Naik, R., Prashantha, S.C., Nagaswarupa, H.P., Anantharaju, K.S., Premkumar, H.B., Jnaneshwara, D.M.: Spectroscopic and photoluminescence properties of MgO: Cr3+ nanosheets for WLEDs. Displays 41, 16–24 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ding, S., Zhang, H., Dou, R., Liu, W., Sun, D., Zhang, Q.: Theoretical and experimental studies of electronic, optical and luminescent properties for Tb-based garnet materials. J. Solid State Chem. 263, 123–130 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, S., Sakamoto, A., Tanabe, S.: Luminescence characteristics of YAG glass–ceramic phosphor for white LED. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14, 1387–1391 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hua, H., Wang, X., Ding, H., Du, Q., Feng, S., Jiang, H., Jiang, J., Jiang, H., Zhang, Z., Qin, H.: Preparation and luminescent properties of highly transparent Y3Ga5O12: M3+ (M = Dy, Cr) ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39, 5345–5349 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iqbal, M.J., Ashiq, M.N.: Physical and electrical properties of Zr–Cu substituted strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method. Chem. Eng. J. 136, 383–389 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kitaeva, V.F., Zharikov, E.V., Chistyi, I.L.: The properties of crystals with garnet structure. Phys. Status Solidi (a) 92, 475–488 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Levitus, M.: Tutorial: Measurement of fluorescence spectra and determination of relative fluorescence quantum yields of transparent samples. Methods Appl. Fluoresc. 8, 033001 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J.K., Li, J.G., Zhang, Z.: Gadolinium aluminate garnet (Gd3Al5O12)∶ Crystal structure stabilization via lutetium doping and properties of the (Gd1-xLux) 3Al5O12 solid solutions (x = 0–0.5). J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 931–936 (2012a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Li, J.G., Zhang, Z., Wu, X., Liu, S., Li, X., Sun, X., Sakka, Y.: Effective lattice stabilization of gadolinium aluminate garnet (GdAG) via Lu3+ doping and development of highly efficient (Gd, Lu) AG: Eu3+ red phosphors. Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. (2012b)

  • Lisitsyn, V., Lisitsyna, L., Tulegenova, A., Ju, Y., Polisadova, E., Lipatov, E., Vaganov, V.: Nanodefects in YAG: Ce-based phosphor microcrystals. Crystals 9, 476 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, G., Wang, B., Li, J., Cao, B., Lu, Y., Liu, Z.: Research progress of gadolinium aluminum garnet based optical materials. Phys. B Condens. Matter. 603, 412775 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naik, R., Prashantha, S.C., Nagabhushana, H., Naik, Y.V., Girish, K.M., Premkumar, H.B.: Photoluminescent and thermoluminescent properties of low temperature synthesized Nd3+ doped Mg2SiO4 nanophosphors for display and dosimetry applications. Optik 180, 8–19 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Narendran, N., Gu, Y., Freyssinier, J.P., Yu, H., Deng, L.: Solid-state lighting: failure analysis of white LEDs. J. Cryst. Growth. 268, 449–456 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Nazarov, M.V.: Luminescence mechanism of highly efficient YAG and TAG phosphors. Mold. J. Phys. Sci. 4, 347–356 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyman, M., Shea-Rohwer, L.E., Martin, J.E., Provencio, P.: Nano-YAG: Ce mechanisms of growth and epoxy-encapsulation. Chem. Mater. 21, 1536–1542 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pushpa, N., Kokila, M.K.: Effect of cobalt doping on structural, thermo and photoluminescent properties of ZnO nano powders. J. Lumin. 190, 100–107 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rani, S., Lal, B., Saxena, S., Shukla, S.: Modifications in the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanophosphor on doping with tb. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9, 353–361 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrıguez-Rojas, R.A., De la Rosa-Cruz, E., Dıaz-Torres, L.A., Salas, P., Meléndrez, R., Barboza-Flores, M., Meneses-Nava, M.A., Barbosa-Garcıa, O.: Preparation, photo-and thermo-luminescence characterization of Tb3+ and Ce3+ doped nanocrystalline Y3Al5O12 exposed to UV-irradiation. Opt. Mater. 25, 285–293 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shanbhag, V.V., Prashantha, S.C., Nagabhushana, H., Jnaneshwara, D.M., Basavaraju, N., Nagaswarupa, H.P., Girish, K.M., Naik, R.: Impacts of core shell structure on structural and photoluminescence properties of CaTiO3: Sm3+, Li+ nanoparticles for solid state display applications. Mater. Res. Express. 6(8), 085037 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shanbhag, V.V., Prashantha, S.C., Shekhar, T.S., Nagabhushana, H., Naik, R., Girish, K.M., Ashwini, S., Rangappa, D., Prasanna, D.S.: Enhanced photoluminescence of SiO2 coated CaTiO3: Dy3+, Li+ nanophosphors for white light emitting diodes. Ceram. Int. 47, 10346–10354 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y., Zhou, S., Yi, X., Zhang, S., Hao, D., Shao, X.: The Cr-doping effect on white light emitting properties of Ce: YAG phosphor ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 100, 2590–2595 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teng, X., Wang, W., Cao, Z., Li, J., Duan, G., Liu, Z.: The development of new phosphors of Tb3+/Eu3+ co-doped Gd3Al5O12 with tunable emission. Opt. Mater. 69, 175–180 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, L., Wang, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Ding, W., Yu, M.: Enhanced luminescence of Dy3+/Bi3+ co-doped Gd3Al5O12 phosphors by high-efficiency energy transfer. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26, 8507–8514 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, W., Tang, J., Hsu, S.T.V., Wang, J., Sullivan, B.P.: Energy transfer and enriched emission spectrum in Cr and Ce co-doped Y3Al5O12 yellow phosphors. Chem. Phys. Lett. 457, 103–105 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Würth, C., Grabolle, M., Pauli, J., Spieles, M., Resch-Genger, U.: Relative and absolute determination of fluorescence quantum yields of transparent samples. Nat. Protoc. 8, 1535–1550 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaji, A., Kurosawa, S., Suzuki, A., Pejchal, J., Kamada, K., Yokota, Y., Yoshikawa, A.: Optical and scintillation properties of Cr doped Y3Ga5O12 crystal for infra-red scintillators. Key Eng. Mater. 616, 92–95 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yogananda, H.S., Basavaraj, R.B., Naik, R., Darshan, G.P., Sharma, S.C., Prasad, D., Nagabhushana, H.: Lysine assisted hydrothermal synthesis and formation process of MoO3: Sm3+ phosphors with hierarchical structures and its electron trapping luminescence properties. J. Alloys. Compd. 768, 451–463 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zabiliūtė-Karaliūnė, A., Dapkus, H., Petrauskas, R.P., Butkutė, S., Žukauskas, A., Kareiva, A.: Cr3+ doped yttrium gallium garnet for phosphor-conversion light emitting diodes. Lith. J. Phys. 55 (2015)

Download references

Acknowledgements

For providing the characterization facility needed to finish the investigation, the authors are grateful to CIF, and LPU.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Anu Bala & Suman Rani

Authors
  1. Anu Bala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Suman Rani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

To the conception and design of the study, all authors made contributions. AB handled the preparation of the material, data collection, and analysis. AB composed and delivered the early draft. The final manuscript was read by all authors, who gave their approval.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suman Rani.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bala, A., Rani, S. Down conversation visible emission spectra of Cr3+ doped gadolinium aluminium garnet. Opt Quant Electron 55, 866 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05105-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05105-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation