Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance estimation of polarization multiplexed DPSK signal transmission over temporally correlated free space optical channel

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The performance of polarization division- multiplexing (PDM) and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulated signal transmission over slow, varying turbulence channels is estimated in this paper. The free-space optical channel is simulated using the stochastic differential equation (SDE)-based numerical channel simulator that considers the channel’s temporal correlation effect. The SDE-based channel simulator model may significantly ease the free space optical (FSO) communication system design and enable the simulation of channel states according to predefined first- and second-order statistics, namely channel distribution and auto-covariance. We report the performance comparison of the PDM-DPSK system over an uncorrelated, fast-varying FSO channel and a time-correlated, slow-varying channels. Furthermore, to incorporate the effects of polarization and phase fluctuations in the FSO link, both time-dependent and Gaussian distributed, simulated using SDE methods. The bit error rate (BER) performance obtained from the numerical simulation of the PDM-DPSK system shows that the impact of intensity fluctuations is more severe than polarization and phase fluctuations. The power penalty relative to back-to-back (B2B) is 0.5 dB, 2.5 dB, and 7 dB for a 1 km FSO link to achieve a threshold BER of \(10^{-3}\) for weak, moderate and strong turbulence conditions, respectively, for a slow-varying turbulence channel. We find that the PDM-DPSK link cannot achieve the threshold BER value for fast-changing turbulent channels, particularly for medium and strong turbulence. For weak turbulence, 2 dB more received power is required to achieve the threshold BER value. Thus, the measured BER performances of the PDM-DPSK systems over a fast-varying turbulent channel are overestimated, which does not provide the actual link performance over the time-correlated turbulent channel.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data-sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Al-Habash, A., Andrews, L.C., Phillips, R.L.: Mathematical model for the irradiance probability density function of a laser beam propagating through turbulent media. Opt. Eng. 40(8), 1554–1563 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, L.C., Phillips, R.L.: Laser Beam Propagation through Random Media. Second Edition, Laser Beam Propagation Through Random Media (2005)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, L.C., Phillips, R.L., Hopen, C.Y.: Laser beam scintillation with applications, vol. 99. SPIE press, USA (2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Anguita, JA., Cisternas, JE.: Turbulence strength and temporal correlation in a terrestrial laser communication link. In: Free-Space Laser Communications X, International Society for Optics and Photonics, vol 7814, p 78140H (2010)

  • Bykhovsky, D.: Free-space optical channel simulator for weak-turbulence conditions. Appl. Opt. 54(31), 9055–9059 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bykhovsky, D.: Simple generation of gamma, Gamma–Gamma, and k distributions with exponential autocorrelation function. J. Lightw. Technol. 34(9), 2106–2110 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, V.W.: Free-space optical communications. J. Lightw. Technol. 24(12), 4750–4762 (2006)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Churnside, J.H.: Aperture averaging of optical scintillations in the turbulent atmosphere. Appl. Opt. 30(15), 1982–1994 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao, Duorui., et al.: High-sensitivity multi-channel DPSK system with real-time phase lock controller for free-space optical communication. Front. Phys. :736 (2022)

  • Ghassemlooy, Z., Tang, X., Rajbhandari, S.: Experimental investigation of polarisation modulated free space optical communication with direct detection in a turbulence channel. IET Commun. 6(11), 1489–1494 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemlooy, Z., Popoola, W., Rajbhandari, S.: Optical wireless communications: system and channel modelling with Matlab® CRC press (2019)

  • Ho, K.P.: Phase-modulated optical communication systems. Springer, Berlin (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutt, D.L.: Modeling and measurement of atmospheric optical turbulence over land. Opt. Eng. 38(8), 1288–1295 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeon, HB., Kim, SM., Moon, HJ., Kwon, DH., Lee, JW., Chung, JM., Han, SK., Chae, CB., Alouini, MS.: Free-space optical communications for 6g-enabled long-range wireless networks: challenges, opportunities, and prototype validation. (2022) arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.07674

  • Khalighi, M.A., Uysal, M.: Survey on free space optical communication: a communication theory perspective. IEEE Commun. Surveys Tutor. 16(4), 2231–2258 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khatib, M.: (Ed.). Contemporary issues in wireless communications. BoD-Books on Demand (2014)

  • Kontorovich, V.Y., Lyandres, V.Z.: Stochastic differential equations: an approach to the generation of continuous non-gaussian processes. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 43(10), 2372–2385 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Latal, Jan., et al.: Measurement of changes of polarization of optical beam affected by atmospherically effects. In: 2017 19th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), IEEE (2017)

  • Li, M., Li, B., Zhang, X., Song, Y., Chang, L., Chen, Y.: Investigation of the phase fluctuation effect on the ber performance of dpsk space downlink optical communication system on fluctuation channel. Opt. Commun. 366, 248–252 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, K., Lin, B., Ma, J.: Dpsk modulated multiple apertures receiver system for satellite-to-ground heterodyne optical communication. Opt. Commun. 454, 124466 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Navidpour, S.M., Uysal, M., Kavehrad, M.: BER performance of free-space optical transmission with spatial diversity. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 6(8), 2813–2819 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, T.V., Le, H.D., Dang, N.T., Pham, A.T.: On the design of rate adaptation for relay-assisted satellite hybrid fso/rf systems. IEEE Photon. J. 14(1), 1–11 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, TV., Le, HD., Pham, AT.: On the design of ris-uav relay-assisted hybrid fso/rf satellite-aerial-ground integrated network. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems (2022)

  • Primak, S., Lyandres, V., Kontorovich, V.: Markov models of non-gaussian exponentially correlated processes and their applications. Phys. Rev. E 63(6), 061103 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sangeetha, R.G., Hemanth, C., Jaiswal, I.: Performance of different modulation scheme in free space optical transmission-A review. Optik 254, 168675 (2022)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Schranz, Ágoston., Udvary, Eszter: Error probability in polarization sensitive communication systems in terms of moments of the channel’s rotation angle. Opt. Quantum Electron. 53, 1–21 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, W.H., Choi, J.Y., Han, S.K.: Fixed threshold on-off keying differential detection for satellite optical communications. Opt. Express 27(2), 1590–1596 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, A.M., Gupta, S.: Experimental demonstration: differential detection of 10 gbps optical ook signal over turbulent channel. Optik 266, 169564 (2022)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, AM., Gupta, S.: Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric turbulence induced intensity and polarization fluctuation for free space optical communication. In: 2020 National Conference on Communications (NCC), IEEE, pp 1–4 (2020)

  • Tripathi, A., Soni, G.G., Gupta, S., Mandloi, A.S.: Experimental investigation of wind and temperature induced scintillation effect on optical wireless communication link. Optik 178, 1248–1254 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsiftsis, T.: Performance of heterodyne wireless optical communication systems over Gamma–Gamma atmospheric turbulence channels. Electron. Lett. 44(5), 1 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Viswanathan, H., Mogensen, P.E.: Communications in the 6g era. IEEE Access 8, 57063–57074 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitásek, J., Látal, J., Hejduk, S., Bocheza, J., Koudelka, P., Skapa, J., Vašinek, V.: (August). Atmospheric turbulences in free space optics channel. In 2011 34th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) (pp. 104-107). IEEE (2011)

  • Xie, G., Dang, A., Guo, H.: Effects of atmosphere dominated phase fluctuation and intensity scintillation to dpsk system. In: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE, pp 1–6 (2011)

  • Xu, Z., Xu, G., Zheng, Z.: Ber and channel capacity performance of an fso communication system over atmospheric turbulence with different types of noise. Sensors 21(10), 3454 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Ding, S., Zhai, H., Dang, A.: Theoretical and experimental studies of polarization fluctuations over atmospheric turbulent channels for wireless optical communication systems. Opt. Express 22(26), 32482–32488 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Li, R., Dang, A.: Experimental studies of phase fluctuations in free-space optical communications. In: Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications, Optical Society of America, pp LTh2D–3 (2015)

  • Zhou, H., Xie, W., Zhang, L., Bai, Y., Wei, W., Dong, Y.: Performance analysis of fso coherent bpsk systems over rician turbulence channel with pointing errors. Opt. Express 27(19), 27062–27075 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna, India

    Abhishek Mani Shukla & Sumanta Gupta

Authors
  1. Abhishek Mani Shukla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sumanta Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Analysis were performed by AMS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by AMS. SG reviewed and commented on final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abhishek Mani Shukla.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

Not Applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shukla, A.M., Gupta, S. Performance estimation of polarization multiplexed DPSK signal transmission over temporally correlated free space optical channel. Opt Quant Electron 55, 806 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05087-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05087-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation