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An optical 2-to-4 decoder based on photonic crystal X-shaped resonators covered by graphene shells

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Abstract

This paper presents a novel design of a high-speed optical 2-to-4 decoder based on the photonic crystal (PhC) composed of silicon rods. The proposed structure consists of three inputs (one for enable and two for decoder inputs), three PhC X-shaped resonators, several waveguides, and four outputs. Each resonator includes silica rods covered by graphene shells. The plane-wave expansion (PWE) method is used to calculate the band structure of the fundamental PhC. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is applied to compute optical light’s transmission efficiency and electric field distribution inside the designed decoder. We demonstrate that the proposed decoder can operate in the third communication window, ranging from 1530 to 1565 nm. The numerical results reveal that the normalized transmission values less than 30% and greater than 50% are supposed to be logics 0 and 1, respectively. The decoder’s maximum delay and total footprint are 2.5 ps and 690 µm2, respectively. Thus, due to the decoder’s relatively simple and low-cost fabrication and its applications in photonics-based systems, the proposed device can be used in optical communications and networking.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Nayyeri Raad & Yavar Safaei Mehrabani

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Hamed Saghaei

  3. Energy Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Hamed Saghaei

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  1. Ali Nayyeri Raad
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Correspondence to Hamed Saghaei.

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Nayyeri Raad, A., Saghaei, H. & Mehrabani, Y.S. An optical 2-to-4 decoder based on photonic crystal X-shaped resonators covered by graphene shells. Opt Quant Electron 55, 452 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04727-7

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