Abstract
Silicon photonic square-layout ring resonator-based circuits comprising Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), grating couplers, three-port splitters and combiners were designed, modeled, and fabricated for efficient control over the stop-band and pass-band filtering of transmission spectrum. It was found that exploiting square-layout rings and assigning an MZI (called the master MZI) to the grating couplers of the used photonic circuits allow engineering the optical stop-band, creation of multi pass-band and the quality of filtering. Excluding the master MZI and using only single square-layout ring of MZIs would yield a two-lobe spectrum having a sharp narrow stop-band at 1542 nm wavelength, whereas with a two-ring configuration, its width extends up to 20 nm. Furthermore, including the master MZI within the circuit configuration eliminates lobes from the transmission spectrum and recreates a single lobe with large bandwidth and almost low ripple over the hat of the lobe. The optical response of the photonic circuit containing both the two-ring and master MZI leads to the formation of a single pass-band with an almost flat-hat lobe.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Prof. Lukas Chrostowski for countless supports and constant communication during the online Si-photonics course conducted by the University of British Columbia (UBC, Canada). Also, they acknowledge the Washington DC University (USA) for the fabrication of Si-photonics circuits and the UBC for facilitating the SEM images of the fabricated circuits. Indeed, the constructive criticisms by the anonymous reviewer is gratefully acknowledged.
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The study is partially supported by the Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund (Grant No: XMUMRF/2021-C7/IECE/0019) and Shahid Beheshti University (Grant No: BSRF-PHY-399-15).
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M.M. Ariannejad and M. Ghasemi worked on the Si photonic designs, software implementation, fabrication, and the extraction of results. Chia Chao Kang and Jian Ding Tan developed theories and prepared figures. S.M. Hamidi and P.K. Choudhury wrote and reviewed the manuscript.
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Ariannejad, M.M., Tan, J.D., Kang, C.C. et al. On the pass- and stop-band optical filtering by passive silicon photonic circuits using square-layout MZI ring(s). Opt Quant Electron 55, 387 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04652-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04652-9