Skip to main content
Log in

Four soliton propagation in a generalized nonautonomous Hirota equation using Darboux transformation

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the generalized nonautonomous Hirota equation was investigated with the help of symbolic computation. Using Darboux transformation method three soliton and four soliton solutions were developed based on Lax pair construction. The corresponding figures are plotted to show the properties of the constructed soliton solutions. By manipulating autonomous and nonautonomous profile, various soliton systems are investigated. These solitons systems have potential applications in the design of soliton compressor, soliton amplification, and high-speed optical devices in ultra large data transmission systems. In future experiments, the findings of this study are expected to be demonstrated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  • Ablowitz, M.J., Kaup, D.J., Newell, A.C., Segur, H.: Nonlinear-evolution equation of physical significance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 125–127 (1973)

    ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, G.P.: Nonlinear Fiber Optics. Academic Press, New York (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Arun Prakash, S., Malathi, V., Mani Rajan, M.S.: Tailored dispersion profile in controlling optical solitons in a tapered parabolic index fiber. J. Mod. Opt. 63, 468–476 (2016)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Belyaeva, T.L., Serkin, V.N., Agȕero, M.A., Tenoriob, C.H., Kovachev, L.M.: Hidden features of the solitons adaptation law to external potentials: optical and matter-wave 3D nonautonomous solitons bullets. Laser Phys. 21, 258–263 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai, C.Q., Zhu, H.P.: Superposed Akhmediev breather of the (3+ 1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with external potentials. Ann. Phys. 341, 142–152 (2014)

    ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Dai, C.Q., Ye, J.F., Chen, X.F.: Spatial similaritons in the (2+ 1)-dimensional inhomogeneous cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Opt. Commun. 285, 3988–3994 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai, C.Q., Wang, X.G., Zhou, G.Q.: Stable light-bullet solutions in the harmonic and parity-time-symmetric potentials. Phys. Rev. A 89, 013834–013841 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng, Y.J., Gao, Y.T., Sun, Z.Y., Zuo, D.W., Shen, Y.J., Sun, Y.H., Xue, L., Yu, X.: Anti-dark solitons for a variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation in an inhomogeneous optical fiber. Phys. Scr. 90, 045201–045208 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, R., Tian, B., Lu, X., Zhang, H.Q., Liu, W.J.: Darboux transformation and soliton solutions for the generalized coupled variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger-Maxwell-Bloch system with symbolic computation. Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 52, 565–577 (2012)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, J.L., Yang, Z.J., Song, L.M., Pang, Z.G.: Propagation dynamics of tripole breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media. Nonlinear Dyn. 101, 1147–1157 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao, R., Li, L., Li, Z., Zhou, G.: Exact multisoliton solutions of the higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation with variable coefficients. Phys. Rev. E 70, 066603–066603 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa, A., Kodama, Y.: Solitons in Optical Communications. Oxford University, Oxford (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa, A., Tappert, F.: Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. I. Anomalous dispersion. Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 142–144 (1973)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasegawa, A., Tappert, F.: Transmission of stationary nonlinear optical pulses in dispersive dielectric fibers. II. Normal Dispers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 23, 171–172 (1973b)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • He, J.R., Li, H.M.: Analytical solitary-wave solutions of the generalized nonautonomous cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with different external potentials. Phys. Rev. E 83, 066607–066618 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyaraj, G., Udaiyakumar, R., Mani Rajan, M.S.: Preventable interaction of attosecond soliton in an inhomogeneous lossy fiber: application to dispersion and nonlinearity management. Optik 158, 753–761 (2018)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyaraj, G., Mani Rajan, M.S., Tantawy, M., Subramanian, K.: Periodic oscillations and nonlinear tunneling of soliton for Hirota-MB equation in inhomogeneous fiber. Optik 181, 440–448 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruglov, V.I., Peacock, A.C., Harvey, J.D.: Exact self-similar solutions of the generalized nonlinear schrödinger equation with distributed coefficients. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 056619 (2005)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, G.L., Jr.: Elements of Soliton Theory. Wiley, NewYork (1980)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W.J., Tian, B.: Symbolic computation on soliton solutions for variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation in nonlinear optics. Opt. Quant. Electron. 43, 147–162 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W.J., Tian, B., Wang, P., Jiang, Y., Sun, K., Li, M., Qi-Xing, Q.: A new approach to the analytic soliton solutions for the variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger model in inhomogeneous optical fibers. J. Mod. Opt. 57, 309–315 (2010)

    ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W.J., Pang, L., Yan, H., Lei, M.: Optical soliton shaping in dispersion decreasing fibers. Nonlinear Dyn. 84, 2205–2209 (2016)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Malomed, B.A.: Modulational instability in a nonlinear optical fiber induced by a spatial inhomogeneity. Phys. Scr. 47(2), 311–314 (1993)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mani Rajan, M.S., Bhuvaneshwari, B.V.: Controllable soliton interaction in three mode nonlinear optical fiber. Optik 175, 39–48 (2018)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mani Rajan, M.S., Mahalingam, A.: Multi-soliton propagation in a generalized inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger-Maxwell-Bloch system with loss/gain driven by an external potential. J. Math. Phys. 54, 043514–043528 (2013)

    ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Mani Rajan, M.S., Nguyen, T.K., Vigneswaran, D.: Controllable soliton transmission structures in birefringence inhomogeneous non-Kerr optical fiber. Optik 216, 164908–164918 (2020)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Matveev, V.B., Salle, M.A.: Darboux Transformations and Solitons. Springer, Berlin (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, X.H., Liu, W.J., Zhu, H.W., Zhang, C.Y., Tian, B.: Multi-soliton solutions and a Bȁcklund transformation for a generalized variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with symbolic computation. Phys. A 387, 97–107 (2008)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Mollenauer, L.F., Stolen, R.H., Gordon, J.P.: Experimental Observation of picosecond pulse narrowing and solitons in optical fibers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1095–1098 (1980)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng, G.D., Malomed, B.A., Chu, P.L.: Soliton amplification and reshaping by a second-harmonic-generating nonlinear amplifier. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 2462–2472 (1998)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Porsezian, K., Hasegawa, A., Serkin, V.N., Belyaeva, T.L., Ganapathy, R.: Dispersion and nonlinear management for femtosecond optical solitons. Phys. Lett. A 361(6), 504–508 (2007)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Prathap, N., Arunprakash, S., Mani Rajan, M.S., Subramanian, K.: Multiple dromion excitations in sixth order NLS equation with variable coefficients. Optik 158, 1179–1185 (2018)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Prathap, N., Arunprakash, S., Mani Rajan, M.S., Tantawy, M.: Optical solitons and their shaping in a monomode optical fiber with some inhomogeneous dispersion profiles. Optik 192, 162906–162918 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghuraman, P.J., Baghya Shree, S., Mani Rajan, M.S.: Soliton control with inhomogeneous dispersion under the influence of tunable external harmonic potential. Waves Random Complex Media 31, 474–485 (2021)

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Serkin, V.N., Hasegawa, A.: Novel soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation model. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4502–4505 (2000a)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Serkin, V.N., Hasegawa, A.: Soliton management in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation model with varying dispersion, nonlinearity, gain. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. Lett. 72, 89–92 (2000b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Serkin, V.N., Hasegawa, A.: Exactly integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation models with varying dispersion, nonlinearity and gain: application for soliton dispersion. IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum 8, 418–431 (2002)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Serkin, V.N., Chapsla, V.M., Percino, J., Belyaeva, T.L.: Nonlinear tunneling of temporal and spatial optical solitons through organic thin films and polymeric waveguides. Opt. Commun. 192, 237–244 (2001)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Serkin, V.N., Hasegawa, A., Belyaeva, T.L.: Nonautonomous solitons in external potentials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(7), 074102 (2007)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Serkin, V.N., Hasegawa, A., Belyaeva, T.L.: Solitary waves in Nonautonomous nonlinear and dispersive systems: nonautonomous solitons. J. Mod. Opt. 57, 1456–1472 (2010)

    ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shabat, A., Zakharov, V.: Exact theory of two-dimensional self-focusing and one dimensional self-modulation of waves in nonlinear media. Sov. Phys.-JETP 34, 62–69 (1972)

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Shan, S., Yang, Z.J., Pang, Z.G., Ge, Y.R.: The complex-valued astigmatic cosine-Gaussian soliton solution of the nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger equation and its transmission characteristics. Appl. Math. Lett. 125, 107755–107761 (2022)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, S., Yang, Z., Li, X., Zhang, S.: Periodic propagation of complex-valued hyperbolic-cosine-Gaussian solitons and breathers with complicated light field structure in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 103, 106005–106018 (2021)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, S., Yang, Z.J., Wang, H., Pang, Z.G.: Nonlinear propagation dynamics of lossy tripolar breathers in nonlocal nonlinear media. Nonlinear Dyn. 110, 1767–1776 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  • Song, L.M., Yang, Z.J., Li, X.L., Zhang, S.M.: Coherent superposition propagation of Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite-Gaussian solitons. Appl. Math. Lett. 102, 106114–106120 (2020)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, K., Alagesan, T., Mahalingam, A., Rajan, M.: Propagation properties of optical soliton in an erbium-doped tapered parabolic index nonlinear fiber: soliton control. Nonlinear Dyn. 87, 1575–1587 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tajima, K.: Compensation of soliton broadening in nonlinear optical fibers with loss. Opt. Lett. 12(1), 54–56 (1987)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, J., Zhou, G.: Soliton-like solutions for higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in inhomogeneous optical fibre media. Phys. Scr. 73, 56–61 (2005)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xia, B., Zhou, R., Qiao, Z.: Darboux transformation and multi-soliton solutions of the Camassa-Holm equation and modified Camassa-Holm equation. J. Math. Phys. 57(10), 103502–103514 (2016)

    ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Z.Y., Li, L., Li, Z.H., Zhou, G.S.: Soliton interaction under the influence of higher-order effects. Opt. Commun. 210, 375–384 (2002)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Z., Li, L., Li, Z., Zhou, G., Nakkeeran, K.: Exact soliton solutions for the core of dispersion-managed solitons. Phys. Rev. E 68, 046605–046613 (2003)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, R.C., Hao, R.Y., Li, L., Li, Z.: Dark soliton solution for higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients. Opt. Commun. 242, 285–293 (2004)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z.Y., Zhao, L.C., Zhang, T., Yue, R.H.: Bright chirp-free and chirped nonautonomous solitons under dispersion and nonlinearity management. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 236–240 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, J.W., Gao, Y.T., Feng, Y.J., Su, C.Q.: Solitons and dromion-like structures in an inhomogeneous optical fiber. Nonlinear Dyn. 87, 851–862 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Z.J., Zhang, S.M., Li, X.L., Pang, Z.G., Bu, H.X.: High-order revivable complex-valued hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian solitons and breathers in nonlinear media with a spatial nonlocality. Nonlinear Dyn. 94, 2563–2573 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • You, L.Y., Li, H.M., He, J.R.: Dynamical properties and stability of snakelike solitons of cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with combined spatiotemporal modulation of nonlinearities and time-dependent linear-lattice potential. Indian J. Phys. 88, 709–714 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakharov, V.E., Shabat, A.B.: Interaction between solitons in a stable medium. Sov. Phys.-JETP 37, 823–828 (1973)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Yang, Q., Dai, C.: Optical quasi-soliton solutions for higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients. Opt. Commun. 248, 257–265 (2005)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors have not disclosed any funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

SG: Conceptualization, Software, Writing-original draft. KS: Calculation and Graphics. MSM: Supervision, Methodology, Editing. TA: Review and Editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Subramanian.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gugan, S., Subramanian, K., Mani Rajan, M.S. et al. Four soliton propagation in a generalized nonautonomous Hirota equation using Darboux transformation. Opt Quant Electron 55, 354 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04578-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04578-2

Keywords

Navigation