Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance analysis of high-speed integrated OAM-OCDMA transmission in FSO communication link: Impact of weather attenuation

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel free space optics (FSO) communication system based on integration of two different multiplexing techniques i.e., orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing and optical code division multiple access (OCDMA), are proposed in this paper for enhancing the transmission capacity. Four distinct OAM beams are used; each transporting 10 Gbps information of three different OCDMA channels. These channels are assigned with diagonal permutation shift (DPS) code. Various atmospheric conditions are considered in evaluating the performance of our suggested design in FSO communication system. These weather conditions are snowy and dusty in addition to the average intensity rainfall rates in Saudi Arabia cities (Riyadh and Jeddah) and Indian cities (Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, and Mumbai). Received optical power (ROP), Quality (Q) factor, maximum FSO link range, and eye diagrams are used for evaluating the performance. The simulation results show successful transmission of 4 OAM × 3 OCDMA channels × 10 Gbps = 120 Gbps overall capacity with good ROP, Q-factor, and BER values. The maximum FSO link range achieved is 600 m under wet snow (WS), 140 m under dry snow (DS), and 400, 132, and 52 m, respectively, under low dust (LD), medium dust (MD), and heavy dust (HD) storms. Consequently, this proposed FSO transmission model is suggested to be used as high-speed connectivity for end users in adverse weather conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Ahmed, H.Y., Zeghid, M., Bouallegue, B., Chehri, A., Abd El-Mottaleb, S.A.: Reduction of complexity design of sac ocdma systems by utilizing diagonal permutation shift (DPS) codes with single photodiode (SPD) detection technique. Electronics 11(8), 1224–1240 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Gailani, S.A., Mohammad, A.B., Shaddad, R.Q.: Evaluation of a 1 Gb/s free space optic system in typical Malaysian weather. In: IEEE 3rd International Conference on Photonics, October 01-03. Pulau Pinang, Malaysia (2012)

  • Allen, L., Beijersbergen, M.W., Spreeuw, R.J.C., Woerdman, J.P.: Orbital angular momentum of light and the transfor-mation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. Phys. Rev. A 45(11), 8185–8189 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Anbarasi, K., Hemanth, C., Sangeetha, R.G.: A review on channel models in free space optical communication systems. Opt. Laser Technol. 97, 161–171 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Aveta, F., Refai, H.H., Lopresti, P.G.: Cognitive multi-point free space optical communication: real-time users discovery using unsupervised machine learning. IEEE Access 8, 207575–207588 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary, S., Sharma, A.: “6 x 20 Gbps long reach WDM-PI based high altitude platform inter-satellite communication system. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 122(22), 41–45 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dat, P.T., Kanno, A., Yamamoto, N., Kawanishi, T.: Seamless convergence of fiber and wireless systems for 5G and beyond networks. J. Lightw. Technol. 37(2), 592–605 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Mottaleb, S.A.A., Singh, M., Chehri, A., Ahmed, H.Y., Zeghid, M., Khan, A.N.: Capacity enhancement for free space optics, transmission system using orbital angular momentum optical code division multiple access in 5G and beyond networks. Energies 15, 7100 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fronthauls, F.-O., Lopes, C.H.S., Lima, E.S., Pereira, L.A.M., Borges, R.M., Ferreira, A.C., Abreu, M., Dias, W.D.: Non-standalone 5G NR fiber-wireless system using FSO and fiber-optics fronthauls. J. Lightw. Technol. 39(2), 406–417 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemlooy, Z., Popoola, W., Rajbhandari, S.: Optical Wireless Communication: System and Channel Modelling with Matlab. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2019)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, I.I., McArthur, B., Korevaar, E.J.: Comparison of laser beam propagation at 785 nm and 1550 nm in fog and haze for optical wireless communications. In: Korevaar, E.J. (ed.) Optical Wireless Communications III, vol. 4214, International Society for Optics and Photonics. SPIE, pp. 26–37 (2001).

  • Krenn, M., Handsteiner, J., Fink, M., et al.: Twisted light transmission over 143 km. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 113(48), 13648–13653 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, Z., Xie, G., Liao, P., Pang, K., Song, H., Liu, C., Ren, Y., Labroille, G., Jian, P., Starodubov, D., Lynn, B., Bock, R., Tur, M., Willner, A.E.: High-capacity free-space optical communications between a ground transmitter and a ground receiver via a UAV using multiplexing of multiple orbital angular-momentum beams. Sci. Rep. 7, 17427 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Muhammad, S.S., Kohldorfer, P., Leitgeb, E.: Channel modeling for terrestrial free space optical links. In: Proceedings of the 2005 7th International Conference Transparent Optical Networks, Barcelona, Spain, vol. 1, pp. 407–410, 7–7 July 2005.

  • Nadeem, F., Leitgeb, E., Awan, M.S.: Comparing the snow effects on hybrid network using optical wireless and GHz links. In: Proceeding 2009 International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications, Tuscany, 9–11 September 2009, pp. 171–175 (2009)

  • Phillips, R.L., Andrews, L.C.: Spot size and divergence for Laguerre Gaussian beams of any order. Appl. Opt. 22(5), 643–644 (1983)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Prabu, K., Charanya, S., Jain, M., Guha, D.: BER analysis of SS-WDM based FSO system for Vellore weather conditions. Opt. Commun. 403, 73–80 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren, Y., Huang, H., Xie, G., et al.: Atmospheric turbulence effect on the performance of a free space optical link employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Opt. Lett. 38(20), 4062–4065 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Atieh, A., Grover, A., Barukab, O.: Performance analysis of 40 Gb/s free space optics transmission based on orbital angular momentum multiplexed beams. Alex. Eng. J. 61, 5203–5212 (2022a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M., Kříž, J., Kamruzzaman, M.M., Dhasarathan, V., Sharma, A., Abd El-Mottaleb, S.A.: Design of a high-speed-OFDM-SAC-OCDMA-based FSO system using EDW codes for supporting 5G data services and smart city applications. Fron. Phys. 10, 934848 (2022b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, H., Mittal, N., Singh, H.: Evaluating the performance of free space optical communication (FSOC) system under tropical weather conditions in India. Int. J. Commun. Syst. 35, e5347 (2022c) https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, X., Ghassemlooy, Z., Rajbhandari, S., Popoola, W.O., Lee, C.G.: Coherent heterodyne multilevel polarization shift keying with spatial diversity in a free-space optical turbulence channel. J. Lightw. Technol. 30(16), 2689–2695 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, A., Zhu, L., Deng, M., Lu, B., Guo, X.: Experimental demonstration of OAM-based transmitter mode diversity data transmission under atmosphere turbulence. Opt. Express 29(9), 13171–13182 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Willner, A.E.: Communication with a twist. IEEE Spectr. 53(8), 34–39 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Willner, A.E., Pang, K., Song, H., Zou, K., Zhou, H.: Orbital angular momentum of light for communication. Appl. Phys. Rev. 8(4), 041312 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, G., Li, L., Ren, Y., Huang, H., Yan, Y., Ahmed, N., Zhao, Z., Lavery, M.P.J., Ashrafi, N., Ashrafi, S., Bock, R., Tur, M., Molisch, A.F., Willner, A.E.: Performance metrics and design considerations for a free-space optical orbital-angular momentum–multiplexed communication link. Optica 2(4), pp.357–365 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Yao, A.M., Padgett, M.J.: Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications. Adv. Opt. Photon. 3(2), 161–204 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, L., Liu, H., Hao, Y., Sun, H., Wei, Z.: Effects of atmospheric turbulence on OAM-POL-FDM hybrid multiplexing communication system. Appl. Sci. 9(23), 5063 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University under Grant Number (DSR2022-RG-0111).

Funding

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jouf University under Grant Number (DSR2022-RG-0111).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, 72388, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

    Ammar Armghan, Khaled Aliqab, Fayadh Alenezi & Meshari Alsharari

  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, University Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Mehtab Singh

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Qurtuba University of Science and IT, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan

    Farman Ali

  4. Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria, 21311, Egypt

    Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb

Authors
  1. Ammar Armghan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mehtab Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Khaled Aliqab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Fayadh Alenezi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Meshari Alsharari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Farman Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors have made direct and significant contribution to the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ammar Armghan.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethical approval

This research does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Armghan, A., Singh, M., Aliqab, K. et al. Performance analysis of high-speed integrated OAM-OCDMA transmission in FSO communication link: Impact of weather attenuation. Opt Quant Electron 55, 245 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04487-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04487-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation