Abstract
Machine Learning is an important field of research in current trends. The extended field of machine learning is Deep Learning and is used for various research areas such as neural networks, image and signal processing, pattern recognition, etc. The handwritten digit recognition is an important task or process included in various applications such as car number plate recognition, staff identity number detection, etc. This paper proposed the design and analysis of various deep learning algorithms such as deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, LeNet-5, AlexNet and MiniVGGNet for handwritten digit recognition using MNIST dataset.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Not applicable.
References
Ahlawat, S., Choudhary, A., Nayyar, A., Singh, S., Yoon, B.: Improved handwritten digit recognition using convolutional neural networks. Sensors 20, 3344 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123344
Alwzwazy, H.A., Albehadili, H.M., Alwan, Y.S., Islam, N.E.: Handwritten digit recognition using convolutional neural networks. Int. J. Innov. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng. 4(2), 1101–1106 (2016)
Deng, Li.: A tutorial survey of architectures, algorithms, and applications for deep learning. Signal Inf. Process. 3, 1–29 (2014)
Hordri, N. F., Yuhaniz, S. S., & Shamsuddin, S. M.: "Deep learning and its applications: a review." Conference on Postgraduate Annual Research on Informatics Seminar. 2016. (1–5)
Jiuxiang, G., Wang, Z., Kuen, J., Ma, L., Shahroudy, A., Shuai, B., Liu, T., Wang, X., Wang, G., Cai, J., Chen, T.: Recent advances in convolutional neural networks. Pattern Recogn. 77, 354–377 (2018)
Khan, A., Sohail, A., Zahoora, U. et al. A survey of the recent architectures of deep convolutional neural networks. Artif Intell Rev 53, 5455–5516 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-020-09825-6
LeCun, Y., Botton, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)
Patil, P., Kaur, B.: Handwritten digit recognition using various machine learning algorithms and models. Int. J. Innov. Res. Comput. Sci. Technol. 8(4), 2347 (2020), https://doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2020.8.4.16
Rabby, A.S.A., Abujar, S., Haque, S., Hossain, S.A. (2019). Bangla Handwritten Digit Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network. In: Abraham, A., Dutta, P., Mandal, J., Bhattacharya, A., Dutta, S. (eds) Emerging Technologies in Data Mining and Information Security. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 755. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1951-8_11
Shamsaldin, A.S., Fattah, P., Rashid, T.A., Al-Salihi, N.K.: The Study of the convolutional neural networks applications. UKH J. Sci. Eng. 3, 31–40 (2019)
Shrestha, A., Mahmood, A.: Review of deep learning algorithms and architectures. IEEE Access 22(7), 53040–53065 (2017)
Swastika, W., et al.: Appropriate CNN Architecture and Optimizer for Vehicle type classification system on the Toll road. J. Phys. 1196, 012044 (2019), https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1196/1/012044
Thangamariappan, P., Pamila, J.C.: Handwritten recognition by using machine learning approach. Int. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. Technol. 4(11), 564–567 (2020)
Acknowledgements
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through the General Research Project under Grant number (R.G.P.2/241/43). I would like to thank King Khalid university for the necessary support to lead this paper, we thank our colleagues who sustained greatly assisted this research. We would also like to show our gratitude for sharing their pearls of wisdom with us during this research, and we thank “anonymous” reviewers for their so-called insights.
Funding
The Project was funded by King Khalid University, Grant No. R.G.P.2/241/43
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The author declares that they no conflict of interest. The author of this research acknowledge that they are not involved in any financial interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Photonic Integrated Circuits for High-Speed Optical Networks.
Guest Edited by Shanmuga Sundar Dhanabalan, Marcos Flores Carrasco, Rajesh M. Sanjivani, Arun Thirumurugan and Sitharthan R.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Alqahtani, A.S., Madheswari, A.N., Mubarakali, A. et al. Secure communication and implementation of handwritten digit recognition using deep neural network. Opt Quant Electron 55, 27 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04290-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04290-7