Abstract
In this study, the design of surface pattering with the co-existence of micrometer and nanometer features was carried out to improve the arrayed surface structures on Ti/Cu/Ti and Ti/Cu/Zr/Ti multilayer thin films by picosecond laser processing. The novel composite structure consisted of two layers of Ti and subsurface distributed Cu and Zr layers (thickness of 10 nm) were deposited by ion sputtering on Si substrate to the total thickness of 300 nm. The changes in the composition, surface morphology, and wetting properties after laser modification was monitored by Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), optical profilometry, and wettability measurements. It was found that laser irradiation can induce the melting of material with the formation of wrinkled periodic structures at the edges of the laser spots in both systems as a consequence of the hydrodynamic effects. Another interesting result was that the periodic structure in form of LSFL (low spatial frequency LIPSS) ripples was numerous but slightly pronounced in Ti/Cu/Zr/Ti, due to the presence of the Zr component as an ultra-thin subsurface layer, which most likely favored creating LIPSS. Such laser texturing has been used in the biomedical field as a method of developing surface topography, coated with oxides to potentially improve cell response via suitable surface wetting for a biological system.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdel-Hady, M., Fuwa, H., Hinoshita, K., Kimura, H., Shinzato, Y., Morinaga, M.: Phase stability change with Zr content in β-type Ti-Nb alloys. Scr. Mater. 57, 1000–1003 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.08.003
Ageev, E.V., Altukhov, A.Y., Ageeva, E.V.: Effect of fusion temperature of electric- discharge erosion cobalt-chromium powder particles on the quality of additive products. J. Mach. Manuf. Reliab. 50, 105–112 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1052618821060029
Ahuir-Torres, J.I., Arenas, M.A., Perrie, W., Dearden, G., de Damborenea, J.: Surface texturing of aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 by picosecond laser: Effect on wettability and corrosion properties. Surf. Coatings Technol. 321, 279–291 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.056
Bizi-Bandoki, P., Benayoun, S., Valette, S., Beaugiraud, B., Audouard, E.: Modifications of roughness and wettability properties of metals induced by femtosecond laser treatment. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 5213–5218 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.12.089
Bonse, J., Hohm, S., Kirner, S.V., Rosenfeld, A., Kruger, J.: Laser-induced periodic surface structures-A scientific evergreen. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23, 109–123 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2614183
Bulgakova, N.M., Stoian, R., Rosenfeld, A., Hertel, I.V., Campbell, E.E.B.: Fast electronic transport and coulomb explosion in materials irradiated with ultrashort laser pulses. In: Rhodes, W.T. (ed.) Laser ablation and its applications, pp. 17–36. Springer US, Boston (2007)
Chouirfa, H., Bouloussa, H., Migonney, V., Falentin-Daudré, C.: Review of titanium surface modification techniques and coatings for antibacterial applications. Acta Biomater. 83, 37–54 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2018.10.036
Dikova, T.D., Kulinich, S.A., Iwamori, S., Yamaguchi, S.: Technological parameters optimization in picosecond laser texturing of titanium surfaces. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1859(1), 012037 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1859/1/012037
Donato, T.A.G., de Almeida, L.H., Nogueira, R.A., Niemeyer, T.C., Grandini, C.R., Caram, R., Schneider, S.G., Santos, A.R.: Cytotoxicity study of some Ti alloys used as biomaterial. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 29, 1365–1369 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.021
Finke, B., Polak, M., Hempel, F., Rebl, H., Zietz, C., Stranak, V., Lukowski, G., Hippler, R., Bader, R., Nebe, J.B., Weltmann, K.D., Schröder, K.: Antimicrobial potential of copper- containing titanium surfaces generated by ion implantation and dual high power impulse magnetron sputtering. Adv. Eng. Mater. 14, 224–230 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201180054
Florian, C., Kirner, S.V., Krüger, J., Bonse, J.: Surface functionalization by laser-induced periodic surface structures. J. Laser Appl. 32, 022063 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0000103
Gao, Y.F., Yu, C.Y., Han, B., Ehrhardt, M., Lorenz, P., Xu, L.F., Zhu, R.H.: Picosecond laser- induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on crystalline silicon. Surf. Interfaces 19, 100538 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100538
Guo, Y., Xu, Z., Liu, M., Zu, S., Yang, Y., Wang, Q., Yu, Z., Zhang, Z., Ren, L.: The corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and biomineralization of the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate coating on the surface of the additively manufactured NiTi alloy. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 17, 622–635 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2022.01.063
Jongwannasiri, C., Moolsradoo, N., Khantachawana, A., Kaewtatip, P., Watanabe, S.: The comparison of biocompatibility properties between Ti alloys and fluorinated diamond-like carbon films. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2012, 1–8 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/724126
Konovalov, S., Osintsev, K., Golubeva, A., Smelov, V., Ivanov, Y., Chen, X., Komissarova, I.: Surface modification of Ti-based alloy by selective laser melting of Ni-based superalloy powder. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 8796–8807 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMRT.2020.06.016
Lee, B.E.J., Exir, H., Weck, A., Grandfield, K.: Characterization and evaluation of femtosecond laser-induced sub-micron periodic structures generated on titanium to improve osseointegration of implants. Appl. Surf. Sci. 441, 1034–1042 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.02.119
Lopes, C., Gabor, C., Cristea, D., Costa, R., Domingues, R.P., Rodrigues, M.S., Borges, J., Alves, E., Barradas, N.P., Munteanu, D., Vaz, F.: Evolution of the mechanical properties of Ti- based intermetallic thin films doped with different metals to be used as biomedical devices. Appl. Surf. Sci. 505, 144617 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144617
Metzner, D., Lickschat, P., Weißmantel, S.: Surface treatment on cobalt and titanium alloys using picosecond laser pulses in burst mode. Appl. Phys. A. 127, 8 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04179-w
Milićević, N., Novaković, M., Potočnik, J., Milović, M., Rakočević, L., Abazović, N., Pjević, D.: Influencing surface phenomena by Au diffusion in buffered TiO2-Au thin films: Effects of deposition and annealing processing. Surf. Interfaces 30, 101811 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SURFIN.2022.101811
Owens, D.K., Wendt, R.C.: Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 13, 1741–1747 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130815
Petrović, S., Peruško, D., Kovač, J., Panjan, P., Mitrić, M., Pjević, D., Kovačević, A., Jelenković, B.: Design of co-existence parallel periodic surface structure induced by picosecond laser pulses on the Al/Ti multilayers. J. Appl. Phys. 122, 115302 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4985830
Petrović, S., Peruško, D., Mimidis, A., Kavatzikidou, P., Kovač, J., Ranella, A., Novaković, M., Popović, M., Stratakis, E.: Response of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on laser-induced periodic surface structures on a 15×(Ti/Zr)/Si multilayer system. Nanomaterials 10, 1–14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10122531
Pilliar, R.M.: Metallic biomaterials. In: Narayan, R. (ed.) Biomedical materials. pp. 1–44. Springer, Cham., University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (2021)
Rajab, F.H., Tariq, T.A.S., Al-Jumaily, A.K., AlShaer, A.W., Li, L., Whitehead, K.A.: The influence of picosecond laser generated periodic structures on bacterial behaviour. Appl. Surf. Sci. 540, 148292 (2021)
Rudawska, A., Jacniacka, E.: Analysis for determining surface free energy uncertainty by the Owen-Wendt method. Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 29, 451–457 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2008.09.008
Trtica, M.S., Gakovic, B.M., Radak, B.B., Batani, D., Desai, T., Bussoli, M.: Periodic surface structures on crystalline silicon created by 532 nm picosecond Nd:YAG laser pulses. Appl. Surf. Sci. 254, 1377–1381 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.06.050
Wachesk, C.C., Pires, C.A.F., Ramos, B.C., Trava-Airoldi, V.J., Lobo, A.O., Pacheco-Soares, C., Marciano, F.R., Da-Silva, N.S.: Cell viability and adhesion on diamond-like carbon films containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Appl. Surf. Sci. 266, 176–181 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APSUSC.2012.11.124
Wan, H., Min, J., Lin, J., Carlson, B.E., Maddela, S., Sun, C.: Effect of laser spot overlap ratio on surface characteristics and adhesive bonding strength of an Al alloy processed by nanosecond pulsed laser. J. Manuf. Process. 62, 555–565 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAPRO.2020.12.055
Yong, J., Huo, J., Yang, Q., Chen, F., Fang, Y., Wu, X., Liu, L., Lu, X., Zhang, J., Hou, X.: Femtosecond laser direct writing of porous network microstructures for fabricating super- slippery surfaces with excellent liquid repellence and anti-cell proliferation. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5, 1701479 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201701479
Yu, Z., Yin, S., Zhang, W., Jiang, X., Hu, J.: Picosecond laser texturing on titanium alloy for biomedical implants in cell proliferation and vascularization. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. - Part B Appl. Biomater. 108, 1494–1504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34497
Zhao, D., Chen, C., Yao, K., Shi, X., Wang, Z., Hahn, H., Gleiter, H., Chen, N.: Designing biocompatible Ti-based amorphous thin films with no toxic element. J. Alloys Compd. 707, 142–147 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.183
Acknowledgements
The research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Support from COST Action CA17126—TUMIEE (supported by COST-European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is also acknowledged.
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Photonics: Current Challenges and Emerging Applications.
Guest edited by Jelena Radovanovic, Dragan Indjin, Maja Nesic, Nikola Vukovic and Milena Milosevic.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Božinović, N., Rajić, V., Kisić, D. et al. Laser surface texturing of Ti/Cu/Ti and Ti/Cu/Zr/Ti multilayers thin films. Opt Quant Electron 54, 561 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03910-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03910-6