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Analysis of optical and thermal properties of 940-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

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Abstract

We achieve 13.5 mW optical output power, 48% power conversion efficiency, 1.17 W/A slope efficiency and 17 kW/cm2 laser power density with top-surface-emitting 940 nm oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The physical mechanism of minimum threshold current generation in oxide-confined VCSEL has been thoroughly studied theoretically and experimentally. Further, we also succeeded in 90.8 mW optical output power, 40% power conversion efficiency with 2 × 4 VCSEL arrays. We find an increase in output power and PCE of 2 × 2 VCSEL arrays as we increase the array spacing which we attribute primarily to increased heat dissipation and reduced thermal crosstalk between the emitters. Thermal properties in oxide-confined 2 × 2 VCSEL arrays were analyzed numerically and experimentally. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measurement. It is proved that theoretical simulation is very useful for the future device optimization.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation (61505003, 61674140) and Beijing education commission project (SQKM201610005008).

Funding

The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Congcong Wang

  2. College of Electronic Information and Control Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Chong Li

  3. Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Zhiyong Wang

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  1. Congcong Wang
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  2. Chong Li
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  3. Zhiyong Wang
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Correspondence to Congcong Wang or Zhiyong Wang.

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Wang, C., Li, C. & Wang, Z. Analysis of optical and thermal properties of 940-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Opt Quant Electron 54, 438 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03809-2

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