Abstract
Inter connection network in a data center is the need of the hour as the communication backbone which caters the demands to accommodate a large number of servers with minimum possible end-to-end delay. The traditional Fat tree based topologies play a pivotal role for data center network (DCN) albeit in a low scale, on the other hand the upcoming electrical-cum-optical hybrid architecture demands huge power consumption and exhibit significant end-to-end delay. The present work depicts a proposal of highly scalable novel hybrid architecture employing optically switched WDM LANs (based on ShuffleNet topology) over electrical Fat trees with the use of substantial number of optical devices, the proposed DCN architecture is shown to offer reasonable reduction of end-to-end delay to 12.29 µs for mouse traffic and 10.01 ms for elephant traffic as compared to Optical Switching Architecture (OSA), which has significant 23 ms of delay for any traffic condition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acampora, K.S., Karol, M.I.: An overview of light wave packet networks. IEEE Netw. Mag. 3(1), 29–41 (1989)
Aleksic, S., Schmid, G., Fehratovic, N.: Limitations and perspectives of optically switched interconnects for large-scale data processing and storage systems. In: Proceedings of the MRS, vol. 1438, pp. 1–12, Cambridge University Press (2012)
Al-Fares, M., Loukissas, A., Vahdat, A.: A scalable, commodity data center network architecture. In: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Conf. Data Commun. (SIGCOMM), Seattle, WA, USA, pp. 63–74 (2008).
Armbrust, M., Fox, A., Griffith, R., Joseph, A.D., Katz, R.H., Konwinski, A., Lee, G., Patterson, D.A., Rabkin, A., Stoica, I., Zaharia, M.: Above the clouds: a Berkeley view of cloud computing. EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep. UCB/EECS-2009–28 (2009). http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.html
Benson, T., Anand, A., Akella, A., Zhang, M.: Understanding data center traffic characteristics. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. (2010)
Calabretta, N., Miao, W., Yan, F., Dorren, H.: High performance flat data center networks based on scalable flow-controlled optical switches. (Invited) Photonics in Switching 2015, Florence, Italy, pp. 91–93 (2015)
Calabretta, N., Miao, W., Yan, F., Raz, O.: High performance DCN architecture based on flow-controlled optical switching system. (Invited) 21st OptoElectronics and Communications Conference/International Conference on Photonics in Switching 2016 (OECC/PS 2016), Niigata, Japan (2016)
Chen, K. et al.: OSA: an optical switching architecture for data center networks with unprecedented flexibility. In: Proc. 9th USENIX Conf. Netw. Syst. Design Implement. (NSDI), San Jose, CA, USA, pp. 239–252 (2012)
“Cisco global cloud index: Forecast and methodology, 2014–2019,” White Paper, Cisco, San Jose, CA, USA (2015). http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/serviceprovider/globalcloudindexgci/Cloud_Index_White_Paper.pdf
De Dobbelaere, P., Falta, K., Fan, L., Gloeckner, S., Patra, S.: Digital MEMS for optical switching. IEEE Commun. Mag. (2002)
Farrington, N. et al.: Helios: a hybrid electrical/optical switch architecture for modular data centers. In: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Conf., New Delhi, India, 2010, pp. 339–350 (2010)
Fehratovic, N., Aleksic, S.: Power consumption and scalability of optically switched interconnects for high-capacity network elements. In: Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition (OFC’10), Los Angeles, Calif, USA, pp. 1–3 (2010)
Ghorbani, S., Yang, Z., Godfrey, P.B., Ganjali, Y., Firoozshahian, A.: DRILL: micro load balancing for low-latency data center networks. In: Proceedings of the Conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication—SIGCOMM’17 (2017)
Greenberg, A., Hamilton, J., Maltz, D.A., Patel, P.: The cost of a cloud: research problems in data center networks. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39(1), 68–73 (2009a)
Greenberg, A., Hamilton, J.R., Jain, N., Kandula, S., Kim, C., Lahiri, P., Maltz, D.A., Patel, P., Sengupta, S.: VL2: a scalable and flexible data center network. In: ACM SIGCOMM’09, vol. 39, pp. 51–62 (2009b)
Guo, C. et al.: DCell: a scalable and fault-tolerant network structure for data centers. In: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Conf. Data Commun. (SIGCOMM), Seattle, WA, USA, pp. 75–86 (2008)
Guo, C., Lu, G., Li, D., Wu, H., Zhang, X., Shi, Y., Tian, C., Zhang, Y., Lu, S.: BCube: a high performance, server-centric network architecture for modular data centers. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 39(4), 63–74 (2009)
Hluchyi, M.G., Karol, M.J.: ShuffleNet: an applicaion of generalized perfect shuffles to multihop lightwave technology. IEEE, pp. 379–390 (1991)
Imran, M., Collier, M., Landais, P., Katrinis, K.: HOSA: hybrid optical switch architecture for data center networks. In: Proc. 12th ACM Int. Conf. Comput. Front., vol. 21, pp. 1–8 (2015)
Jackson, J.R.: Networks of waiting lines. Oper. Res. 5(4), 518–521 (1957)
Liao, Y., Yin, D., Gao, L.: DPillar: scalable dual-port server interconnection for data center networks. In 19th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), pp. 1–6 (2010).
Mysore, R.N., Pamboris, A., Farrington, N., Huang, N., Miri, P., Radhakrishnan, S., Subramanya, V., Vahdat, A.: PortLand: a scalable fault-tolerant layer 2 data center network fabric. In: ACM SIGCOMM’09, vol. 39, pp. 39–50 (2009)
Patel, J.H.: Performance of processor-memory interconnections for multiprocessors. IEEE Trans. Comput. C–30(10), 771–780 (1981)
Sivarqan, K., Ramaswami, R.: Multihop lightwave networks based on de Bruijn graphs. Submitted to Eb. on Commun. (1991)
Stone, H.S.: Parallel processing with the perfect shuffle. IEEE Trans. Comput. C–20(2), 153–161 (1971)
Truex, T., Bent, A.A., Hagood, N.W.: Beam steering optical switch fabric utilizing piezoelectric actuation technology. In: Proc. NFOEC, 2003 (2003)
Yan, F., Miao, W., Dorren, H., Calabretta, N.: On the cost, latency, and bandwidth of LIGHTNESS data center network architecture. In: 2015 Int. Conf. Photonics Switch. PS 2015, vol. 1, no. Topic 4, pp. 130–132 (2015)
Yan, F., Guelbenzu, G., Calabretta, N.: A novel scalable and low latency hybrid data center network architecture based on flow controlled fast optical switches. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, p. W2A.23 (2018)
Zhang, Y., Sub, A., Jiang, G.: Understanding data center network architectures in virtualized environments: a view from multi-tier applications. Comput. Netw. 55, 2196–2208 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sahoo, T., Mohanty, B.P. A novel hybrid data center architecture employing optically-switched WDM LANs over electrical fat trees. Opt Quant Electron 53, 251 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02921-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02921-z