Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Interactive internet of things based on dark light system for smart room

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) is a rising guaranteeing new innovation for optical wireless communication with taking part favorable circumstances not available on radio communication. Especially, as connectivity propagation, both across the world and via the Internet of Things. Any communication system is based on the LED light is luminous to verifying the connection. The major challenge in VLC is how to make a communication system to download data in the dark light when indoor lighting is not needed. This paper explains how visible light can be used to transmit data even when the light appears dark or off. We investigate VLC minimum illumination to receive power, to enable users to receive data when the light is “OFF”. This paper focuses on improving the system performance including signal to noise ratio, required power and bit error rate. VLC with different modulation schemes highlighting as the On–OFF Keying, Pulse Position Modulation, L-Pulse Position Modulation, and Inverse L-Pulse Position Modulation are investigated in the dark light for communication. A short part of Pulse Width Modulation is used for dimming illumination. The paper examines the selected parameters and essential requirements of VLC dark light system which are power, bandwidth efficiency and the dimming factor of light sources. We confirm that dark light is enough to keep up information paces of a few kbps. This looks good for the eventual fate of VLC for actualizing shrewd lighting systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ali, A., Abdulaziz, N.: Dimming control in visible light communication using RPO-OFDM and concatenated RS-CC. Int J Comput Inf Sci 12(1), 51–60 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamiedakis, N., Penty, R.V., White, I.H.: Carrierless amplitude and phase modulation in wireless visible light communication systems. Philos Trans R Soc A: Math, Phys Eng Sci 378(2169), 20190181 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borogovac, T., Rahaim, M. B., Tuganbayeva, M., and Little, T. D. C.:” “Lights-off” visible light communications”. 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 797–801 (2011). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2011.6162564

  • Dahril, F.A., Ali, S., Jawaid, M.: “A review of modulation schemes for visible light communication.” IJCSNS Int J Computer Sci Netw Secur 18(2), 117–125 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemlooy, Z., Popoola, W., Rajbhandari, S.: Optical wireless communications; system and channel modelling with MATLAB. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2013). ISBN 9781138074804

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C., and Zhang, X.: “Impact and feasibility of dark light LED on indoor visible light positioning system.” 2017 IEEE 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband (ICUWB), INSPEC Accession Number: 17471733, Salamanca, Spain, 12–15 Sep. 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2017.8250973

  • Kahn, J. M., and Barry, J. R.: “Wireless infrared communications”. Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 265–298. (1997). doi:10.1109/5.554222

  • Khadr, M. H., Fayed, H. A., Aziz, A. A. E., and Aly M. H.: “Bandwidth extension of an enhanced SNR with a higher light uniformity of a phosphorescent white LED based visible light communication system”. 2016 10th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2016.7573985

  • Komine, T., Nakagawa, M.: Fundamental analysis for visible-light communication system using LED lights. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 50(1), 100–107 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/tce.2004.1277847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon, J.K.: Inverse source coding for dimming in visible light communications using NRZ-OOK on reliable links. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 22(19), 1455–1457 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2010.2062498

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K., Park, H.: Modulations for visible light communications with dimming control. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(16), 1136–1138 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2011.2157676

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Liu, A., Shen, G., Li, L., Sun, C., and Zhao, F.:“Retro-VLC”. Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications – HotMobile, Vol. 15, pp. 21–26. (2015). doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2699343.2699354

  • Mahdiraji, G. A., and Zahedi, E.: “Comparison of Selected Digital Modulation Schemes (OOK, PPM and DPIM) for Wireless Optical Communications”. 2006 4th Student Conference on Research and Development. pp. 5–10. (2006). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/scored.2006.4339297

  • Matheus, L.E.M., Vieira, A.B., Vieira, L.F.M., Vieira, M.A.M., Gnawali, O.: Visible light communication: concepts, applications and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 1–1, 1–59 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2019.2913348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, H. Q., Choi, J.-H., Kang, M., Ghassemlooy.: “A MATLAB-based simulation program for indoor visible light communication system,” 2010. 7th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP 2010), INSPEC Accession Number: 11535434, New Castle, UK, 21–23 July 2010. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/csndsp16145.2010.5580355

  • Oswaldo, G., Marcos, F., Medina, G., Martín, I.R.: Open access peer reviewed chapter “multiuser visible light communications,.” In: Das, N. (ed.) Advances in optical communication. In Tech, Rijeka Croatia (2014). https://doi.org/10.5772/59053

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, H. and Barry, J. R.: “Modulation analysis for wireless infrared communications”. Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC 1995. pp. 1182–1186. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/icc.1995.524287

  • Qiu, Y., Chen, H.-H., Meng, W.-X.: Channel modeling for visible light communications-a survey. Wirel Commun and Mob Comput 16(14), 2016–2034 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, Z., Wright, K., and Zhou, X.: “The darklight rises: visible light communication in the dark”. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking - MobiCom ’Vol. 16. pp. 495–496. (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2973750.2987384

  • Tian, Z., Wright, K., and Zhou, X.: “Lighting Up the Internet of Things with DarkVLC”. Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications - HotMobile ’ Vol. 16. pp. 33–38. (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/2873587.2873598

  • Wang, Z., Chen, J., Zhong, W.-D., Yu, C., and Chen, W.: “User-oriented visible light communication system with dimming control scheme”. The 2012 11th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN). (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/icocn.2012.6486243

  • Zhong, W.-D., Wang, Z., Yu, C., Chen, J., Francois, C.P.S., Chen, W.: Performance of dimming control scheme in visible light communication system. Opt. Express 20(17), 18861–18868 (2012a). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.018861

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J. B., Wang, J. Y., Chen, M., and Song, X.: “Dimming scheme analysis for pulse amplitude modulated visible light communications”. 2013 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing. (2013). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/wcsp.2013.6677037

  • Want, R., Schilit, B.N., Jenson, S.: “Enabling the internet of things.” Computer 48(1), 28–35 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zafar, F., Karunatilaka, D., Parthiban, R.: “Dimming schemes for visible light communication”, the state of research. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 22(2), 29–35 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2015.7096282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, L., O’Brien, D., Le-Minh, H., Lee, K., Jung, D., and Oh, Y.: “Improvement of Date Rate by using Equalization in an Indoor Visible Light Communication System,” 2008 4th IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems for Communications. pp. 678–682. (2008). doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc.2008.149

  • Zhong, W.-D., Wang, Z., Yu, C., Chen, J., Francois, C.P.S., Chen, W.: Performance of dimming control scheme in visible light communication system. Opt. Express 20(17), 18861–18868 (2012b). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.018861

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, X.: Dartmouth Researchers; “DarkLight” Prototype Enables Visible Light Communication in the Dark, MobiCom 2016; The 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Moustafa H. Aly.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El Gamal, M.M., Fayed, H.A., Aly, M.H. et al. Interactive internet of things based on dark light system for smart room. Opt Quant Electron 52, 493 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02614-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02614-z

Keywords

Navigation