Abstract
In this paper the effect of doping based-TiO2 nanocrystallites photoanodes with chromium oxide (Cr2O3) has been studied. Photoanodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were synthesized with the composition TiO2–(Cr2O3)x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 wt% by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure and optical properties of photoanodes were analyzed by XRD, SEM, EDX and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The photovoltaic characteristics for the prepared samples have been studied by employing J–V measurements. X-ray diffraction study showed that the dominating phase in the samples is the anatase tetragonal phase with space group I41/amd. Another rhombohedral phase of Cr2O3 was observed in doped samples and found to increase with increasing of Cr2O3 content. A reduction in particle size with increasing of the dopant content was reported and attributed to crystallites growth suppression due to the presence of Cr3+ at the grain boundary. The UV–visible spectroscopy absorption improved by increasing Cr2O3 content in doped samples which may be recognized by presence of novel electronics states in band gap of TiO2. Data obtained from the UV–visible spectroscopy measurements reflects a decrease in the optical energy gap (Eoptical) and an increase in optical refractive index with increasing of the dopant. J–V photovoltaic characteristics confirms that the DSSCs photoanodes doped with Cr2O3 have higher value for conversion efficiency (η), fill factor, and short circuit current density (Jsc) compared with sample without doping.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdullah, M.M., Rajab, F.M., Al-Abbas, S.M.: Structural and optical characterization of Cr2O3 nanostructures: evaluation of its dielectric properties. AIP Adv. 4, 027121 (2014)
Abouhaswa, A.S., El-Hamalawy, A.A., Ramah, Y.S.: Crystal structure, optical and electrical characteristics of rutile TiO2 nanocrystallite-based photoanodes doped with GeO2. Bull. Mater. Sci. 42, 1–8 (2019)
Ali, T., Tripathi, P., Ameer, A., Waseem, R., Ahmed, A.S., Ateeq, A.: Photocatalytic performance of Fe-doped TiO2nanoparticles undervisible-light irradiation. Mater. Res. Exp. 4(12), 1–12 (2017)
Alijani, M., Kaleji, B.K.: Optical and structural properties of TiO2 nanopowders with Ce/Sn doping at various calcination temperature and time. Opt. Quant. Electron. 49, 1–16 (2017)
Badr, M.H., Abouhaswa, A.S.: Effect of MnO2 doping on the structure and optical proprieties of rutile TiO2-based photoanodes. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 11566–11574 (2018)
Badr, M.H., El-Hamalawy, A.A., El-Kholy, M.M., Ali, A.: Influence of Bi-doping on the structure of TiO2 photoanodes and the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. Int. J. Sci. Res. Rev. 6, 01–11 (2017)
Brinker, C.J., Scherer, G.W.: Sol–gel Science, the Physics and Chemistry of Sol–Gel Processing, vol. 908. Academic Press, Boston (1990)
Choudhury, B., Choudhury, A.: Dopant induced changes in structural and optical properties of Cr3+ doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Mater. Chem. Phys. 132, 1112–1118 (2012)
Davis, E.A., Mott, N.F.: Conduction in non-crystalline systems V. Conductivity, optical absorption and photoconductivity in amorphous semiconductors. Philos. Mag. 22, 903–922 (1970)
Dimitrov, V., Sakka, S.: Electronic oxide polarizability and optical basicity of simple oxides. J. Appl. Phys. 79, 1736–1740 (1996)
Dubey, R.S., Singh, S.: Investigation of structural and optical properties of pure and chromium doped TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal method. Results Phys. 7, 1283–1288 (2017)
Gibot, P., Vidal, L.: Original Synthesis of chromium oxide nanoparticles. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30, 911–915 (2010)
Grätzel, M.: Mesoporous oxide junctions and nanostructured solar cells. Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 4(4), 314–321 (1999)
Grätzel, M.: Recent advances in sensitized mesoscopic solar cells. Acc. Chem. Res. 33, 1788–1798 (2000)
Hanaor, D.A., Sorrell, C.C.: Review of the anatase to rutile phase transformation. J. Mater. Sci. 46, 855–874 (2011)
Hari, S., Ariswan, D.P.: Effect of V dopant on physicochemical properties of vanadium-doped anatase synthesized via simple reflux technique. J. Math. Fundam. Sci. 48, 82–93 (2016)
Ilknur, A., Munevver, S., Zekeriya, B.: Sol gel synthesis ofcobalt doped TiO2 and its dye sensitization for efficient pollutant removal. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 45, 36–44 (2016)
Ito, S., Ishikawa, K., Wen, C.J., Yanagida, S., Watanabe, T.: Dye-sensitized photocells with meso-macroporous TiO2 film electrodes. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 73, 2609–2614 (2000)
Jc, Y., Gs, L., Xc, W., Xl, H., Cw, L., Zd, Z.: An ordered cubic Im3m mesoporous Cr–TiO2 visible light photocatalyst. Chem. Commun. 5, 2717–2719 (2006)
Jianfeng, L., Jihua, Z., Meng, W., Zongying, Y., Hongwei, C., Huanren, Y.: Dielectric properties of manganese-doped TiO2 with different alkali-free glass contents for energy storage application. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 7680–7684 (2016)
Khojasteh, H., Niasari, M.S., Derazkola, S.M.: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of nickel-doped TiO2 and nickel titanate nanoparticles. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 27, 3599–3607 (2015)
Linsebigler, A.L., Lu, G., Yates, J.J.: Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chem. Rev. 95(3), 735–758 (1995)
Mendiola-Alvarez, S.Y., Guzmán-Mar, J.L., Turnes-Palomino, G., Maya-Alejandro, F., Hernández-Ramírez, A., Hinojosa-Reyes, L.: UV and visible activation of Cr(III)-doped TiO2 catalyst prepared by a microwave-assisted sol–gel method during MCPA degradation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 24, 12673–12682 (2016)
O’Regan, B., Grätzel, M.: A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 film. Nature 353(6346), 737–740 (1991)
Peng, Y.H., Huang, G.F., Huang, W.Q.: Visible-light absorption and photocatalytic activity of Cr-doped TiO2 nanocrystal films. Adv. Powder Technol. 23, 8–12 (2012)
Redaa, S.M., Khairya, M., Mousaa, M.A.: Photocatalytic activity of nitrogen andcopper doped TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by microwave-assisted sol-gel process. Arab. J. Chem. 13, 86–95 (2017)
Rodriquez-Carvayal, J.: Recent advances in magnetic structure determination by neutron powder diffraction. Phys. B 192, 55–69 (1993)
Saito, Y., Kambe, S., Kitamura, T., Wada, Y., Yanagida, S.: Investigation of lateral parameter variations of Al-doped zinc oxide films prepared on glass substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 73, 1–13 (2004)
Shannon, R.D.: Revised effective ionic radii and systematic study of inter atomic distances in Halides and Chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 32, 751–767 (1976)
Sisodia, N., Trivedi, R., Choubey, R.K., Sen, P., Sen, P.K., Kar, S., Bartwal, K.S.: Influence of Mg doping on refractive index of LiNbO3 crystals. Appl. Phys. A 84, 291–295 (2006)
Stadler, B. J., Lorenzo, J. P.: Increased refractive indices in rare earth doped InP and and In0.53Ga0.47As thin films. In: Symposium D—Rare-Earth Doped Semiconductors II. 422, 357 (1996)
Xd, L., Xj, H., Wy, W., Xh, L., Wang, Y.: Xr, L,: Synthesis, characterizationand photocatalytic activity of Nb-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Adv. Mater. Res. 455–456, 110–114 (2012)
Xie, Y., Huang, N., You, S., Liu, Y., Sebo, B., Liang, L., Fang, X., Liu, W., Guo, S., Zhao, X.: Improved performance of dye-sensitized solar cells by trace amount Cr-doped TiO2 photoelectrodes. J. Power Sources 224, 168–173 (2013)
Xuemin, L., Zhengkai, G., Tao, H.: The doping mechanism of Cr into TiO2 and its influence on the photocatalytic performance. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 460(15), 20037–20045 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abouhaswa, A.S. Physical properties of anatase TiO2 nanocrystallites: based photoanodes doped with Cr2O3. Opt Quant Electron 52, 144 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02275-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02275-y