Abstract
Compact laser system for optically pumped cesium beam clocks, which use single optical frequency laser for both Cs atomic state preparation and detection, is presented. The saturation probe laser intensity corresponding to certain Cs flux is researched by using laser, locked in the F = 4 → F′ = 4 transition of the Cs D2 line, to interact with Cs atoms. Light shift produced by laser could be reduced when the laser with small intensity, 0.7 mw/cm2, is used to interact with Cs atoms. High efficiency, 70%, fluorescence collectors are installed in the atom–laser interaction region to collect fluorescence. The frequency stability of the laser system is measured by mixing two output laser lights which are locked by fluorescence signal and it is about 3.2 × 10−11 at 2048 s. The compact laser scheme is beneficial to the miniaturization and industrial production of optically pumped Cs beam clocks. The design is also appropriate and useful for other laser frequency stabilization applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arditi, M.: A caesium beam atomic clock with laser optical pumping, as a potential frequency standard. Metrologia 18, 59–66 (1982)
Audoin, C.: Caesium beam frequency standards: classical and optically pumped. Metrologia 29, 113–134 (1992)
Berthoud, P., Thomann, P., et al.: Optical Pumping Device and Method. United States Patent. (2008)
Bousset, B., Lucas-Leclin, G., Hamouda, F., Cerez, P., Theobald, G.: Frequency performances of a miniature optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control 46, 366–371 (1999)
Brillet, A.: Evaluation of the light shifts in an optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard. Metrologia 17, 147–150 (1981)
Cerez, P., et al.: Laser diode optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard investigations at LHA. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 40, 137–141 (1991)
Dimarcq, N., Giordano, V., Cerez, P., Theobald, G.: Analysis of the noise sources in an optically pumped cesium beam resonator. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 42, 115–120 (1993)
Giordano, V., Candelier, V., Hamel, A., Audoin, C., Théobald, G., et al.: Noise in the optical detection of atoms in a beam. Opt. Commun. 67, 287–292 (1988)
Guerandel, S., Barillet, R., Audoin, C.: In-depth analysis of the frequency stability of optically pumped cesium beam frequency standards. In: IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum, pp. 1050–1055 (2007)
Hasegawa, A., Fukuda, K., Kajita, M., Ito, H., Kumagai, M., et al.: Accuracy evaluation of optically pumped primary frequency standard CRL-O1. Metrologia 41, 257–263 (2004)
Hermann, V., Gazard, M., Berthoud, P., Lecomte, S., Ruffieux, R.: OSCC project: a space Cs beam optically pumped atomic clock for Galileo. In: Proceedings of Frequency Control Symposium, 2007 Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum, pp. 77–80. IEEE International (2007)
Lecomte, S., Haldimann, M., Ruffieux, R., Berthoud, P., Thomann, P.: Performance demonstration of a compact, single optical frequency Cesium beam clock for space applications. In: Proceedings of Frequency Control Symposium, 2007 Joint with the 21st European Frequency and Time Forum, pp. 1127–1131. IEEE International (2007)
Li, X.F.: Research on the Key Technology of Small Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Frequency Standard. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (2015)
Lucas-Leclin, G., Cerez, P., Dimarcq, N.: Laser-induced noise contribution due to imperfect atomic state preparation in an optically pumped caesium beam resonator. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32, 327–340 (1999)
Lutwak, R., Emmons, D., Garvey, R.M., Vlitas, P.: Optically pumped cesium-beam frequency standard for GPS-III. In: 33rd Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Meeting, pp. 19–32 (2001)
Sallot, C., Baldy, M., Gin, D., Petit, R.: 3·10−12 τ−1/2 On industrial prototype optically pumped cesium beam frequency standard. In: The Proceeding of Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition Jointly with the 17th European Frequency and Time Forum, pp. 100–104 (2003)
Shi, H., Ma, J., Li, X.F., Liu, J., Zhang, S.G.: Simulation and design of fluorescence collector. Chin. Phys. Lett. 33, 094205-1–094205-4 (2016)
Shirley, J.H., Drullinger, R.E.: Zeeman coherences and dark states in optically pumped Cesium frequency standards. In: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, pp. 150–151 (2002)
Wang, Q., Duan, J., Qi, X.H., Zhang, Y., Chen, X.Z.: Improvement of laser frequency stabilization for the optical pumping cesium beam standard. Chin. Phys. Lett. 32, 054206-1–054206-4 (2015)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Special Research Program for Major Scientific Instruments and Equipment of China under Grant (No. 2012YQ200183), and the Chinese PLA General Armament Department’s Special Research Program for Fundamental Technology under Grant (No. ZKGSZ20132JL01).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shi, H., Ma, J., Li, X. et al. Realization of single optical frequency laser system for optically pumped cesium beam frequency standards. Opt Quant Electron 49, 400 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1232-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1232-z