Abstract
In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional photonic crystal biosensor implemented by waveguide and microcavity. The optical sensing characteristics of the structure are analyzed by using two-dimensional finite difference time domain method. Biomolecules, e.g., DNAs, trapped in selected holes cause resonant wavelength shifting at the output terminal. The quality factor and the sensitivity of the proposed structure are about 6776 and 3.4 nm/fg, respectively, with a minimum detectable biomolecule weight in a sensing hole of 0.029 fg. We have also investigated the structure for use in bulk refractive index sensing. A sensitivity and detection limit of 210 nm/RIU and 8.92 × 10−5 were obtained respectively. Furthermore, to overcome the single purpose capacity of the sensor, a multichannel optofluidic sensor has been designed. The structure is made up of three microcavities connected in series and coupled to a waveguide. Simulation results indicate that the response of each detection unit to the refractive index variation (from 1.330 to 1.371) was completely independent. These features make the designed device a promising element for performing label-free multiplexed detection in monolithic substrate for medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baba, T.: Slow light in photonic crystals. Nat. Photonics 2, 465–473 (2008)
Benmerkhi, A., Bouchemat, M., Bouchemat, T.: Influence of elliptical shaped holes on the sensitivity and Q factor in 2D photonic crystals sensor. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 20, 7–17 (2016)
Bennett, M.D., Harrison, J.S.H., Smith, J.B., Ward, J.P.: DNA density in mitotic and meiotic metaphase chromosomes of plants and animals. J. Cell Sci. 63, 173–179 (1983)
Bougriou, F., Bouchemat, T., Bouchemat, M., Paraire, N.: Optofluidic sensor using two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 62, 11201–11205 (2013)
Chhabra, M., Selwal, C.: Design of a photonic crystal biosensor using DNA filled microcavity and ring cavity coupled with waveguide. In: International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT). IEEE (2014)
Danner, A.J., Raftery Jr., J.J., Leisher, P.O., Choquette, K.D.: Single mode photonic crystal vertical cavity lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 091114-1–091114-3 (2006)
Dell’Olio, F., Passaro, V.M.N.: Optical sensing by optimized silicon slot waveguides. Opt. Express 8, 4977–4993 (2007)
Dominguez-Juarez, J.L., Kozyreff, G., Martorell, J.: Whispering gallery microresonators for second harmonic light generation from a low number of small molecule. Nat. Commun. 2, 1–8 (2011)
Goyal, A.K., Pal, S.: Design and simulation of high-sensitive gas sensor using a ring-shaped photonic crystal waveguide. Physica Scr. 90, 0031–8949 (2015)
Guo, S., Albin, S.: Numerical techniques for excitation and analysis of defect modes in photonic crystals. Opt. Express 11, 1080–1089 (2003)
Harhouz, A., Hocini, A.: Design of high-sensitive biosensor based on cavity-waveguides coupling in 2D photonic crystal. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 5, 659–667 (2015)
Hopman, W.C.L., Pottier, P., Yudistira, D., van Lith, J., Lambeck, P.V., De La Rue, R.M., Driessen, A., Hoekstra, H.J.W.M., De Ridder, R.M.: Quasi-one-dimensional photonic crystal as a compact building-block for refractometric optical sensors. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 11, 1558–4542 (2005)
Hsiao, F.L., Lee, C.: Computational study of photonic crystals nano-ring resonator for biochemical sensing. IEEE Sens. J. 10, 1185–1191 (2010)
Hua-Jun, Z.: High sensitivity refractive index gas sensing enhanced by surface plasmon resonance with nano-cavity antenna array. Chin. Phys. 21 (2012). doi:10.1088/1674-1056/21/8/087104
Huang, L., Tian, H., Zhou, J., Ji, Y.: Design low crosstalk ring-slot array structure for label-free multiplexed sensing. Sensors 14, 15658–15668 (2014)
Iftekhar, M.A., Mamun, S.M.: Computational study on high sensitive silicon based two dimensional photonic crystal waveguide with circular holes for biochemical sensing. IEEE, 4799 0400 (2013)
Joannopoulos, J.D., Johnson, S.G., Winn, J.N., Meade, R.: Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light, 2nd edn. Princeton University Press, Princeton (2008)
Lebbal, M.R., Boumaza, T., Bouchemat, M.: Structural study of the single-mode photonic crystal fiber. Optik 124, 4610–4613 (2013)
Lin, S.Y., Chow, E., Johnson, S.G., Joannopoulos, J.D.: Demonstration of highly efficient waveguiding in a photonic crystal slab at the 1.5-μm wavelength. Opt. Lett. 25, 1297–1299 (2000)
Liu, Q., Tian, H., Yang, D., Zhou, J., Yang, Y., Ji, Y.: Nanoscale radius graded photonic crystal sensor arrays usinginterlaced and symmetrical resonant cavities for biosensing. Sens. Actuators A 216, 223–230 (2014)
Luff, B.J., Harris, R.D., Wilkinson, J.S., Wilson, R., Schiffrin, D.J.: Integrated-optical directional coupler biosensor. Opt. Lett. 21, 618–620 (1996)
Olyaee, S., Najafgholinezhad, S.: Computational study of a label-free biosensor based on a photonic crystal nanocavity resonator. Appl. Opt. 52, 7206–7213 (2013)
Pan, Z., Huiping, T., Daquan, Y., Qi, L., Jian, Z., Lijun, H., Yuefeng, J.: Radius vertical graded nanoscale interlaced coupled photonic crystal sensors array. Opt. Commun. 355, 331–336 (2015)
Sankar Dutta, H., Pal, S.: Design of a highly sensitive photonic crystal waveguide platform for refractive index based biosensing. Opt. Quantum Electron. 45, 907–917 (2013)
Shiramin, L.A., Kheradmand, R., Abbasi, A.: High-sensitive double-hole defect refractive index sensor based on 2-D photonic crystal. IEEE Sens. J. 13, 1558–1748 (2013)
Skivesen, N., Tetu, A., Kristensen, M., Kjems, J., Frandsen, L.H., Borel, P.I.: Photonic-crystal waveguide biosensor. Opt. Express 15, 3169–3176 (2007)
White, I.M., Fan, X.: On the performance quantification of resonant refractive index sensors. Opt. Express 16, 1020–1028 (2008)
Yang, D., Tian, H., Ji, Y.: Nanoscale photonic crystal sensor arrays on monolithic substrates using side-coupled resonant cavity array. Opt. Express 19, 20023–20034 (2011)
Yang, D., Tian, H., Ji, Y.: Nanoscale low crosstalk photonic crystal integrated sensor array. IEEE Photonics J. 6, 1–7 (2014)
Zhang, P., Tian, H., Yang, D., Liu, Q., Zhou, J., Huang, L., Ji, Y.: Radius vertical graded nanoscale interlaced- coupled photonic crystal sensors array. Opt. Commun. 355, 331–336 (2015)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Benelarbi, D., Bouchemat, T. & Bouchemat, M. Study of photonic crystal microcavities coupled with waveguide for biosensing applications. Opt Quant Electron 49, 347 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1182-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1182-5