Abstract
We report that surface lattice solitons (SLSs) are possible at the interface between the photonic lattices and the uniform photovoltaic–photorefractive crystals. We show that these SLSs exist only in the semi-infinite gap and are stable in the considerable part of moderate power region and unstable in the high, a little part of moderate, and low power regions. We find that the power of SLSs decreases with an increase in the propagation constant in the high, considerable part of moderate, and low power regions and increases with the propagation constant in a little part of moderate power region.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, T.J., Sukhorukov, A.A., Kivshar, Y.S.: Asymmetric vortex solitons in nonlinear periodic lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 063901 (2004)
Baizakov, B.B., Malomed, B.A., Salerno, M.: Multidimensional solitons in periodic potentials. EPL (Europhys. Lett.) 63, 642–648 (2003)
Chen, W.H., He, Y.J., Wang, H.Z.: Surface defect gap solitons. Opt. Express 14, 11271–11276 (2006)
Efremidis, N.K., Hudock, J., Christodoulides, D.N., Fleischer, J.W., Cohen, O., Segev, M.: Two-dimensional optical lattice solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 213906 (2003)
Eisenberg, H.S., Silberberg, Y., Morandotti, R., Boyd, A.R., Aitchison, J.S.: Discrete spatial optical solitons in waveguide arrays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 3383–3386 (1998)
Fedele, F., Yang, J., Chen, Z.: Defect modes in one-dimensional photonic lattices. Opt. Lett. 30, 1506–1508 (2005)
Fleischer, J.W., Bartal, G., Cohen, O., Manela, O., Segev, M., Hudock, J., Christodoulides, D.N.: Observation of vortex-ring “discrete” solitons in 2D photonic lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 123904 (2004)
Garanovich, I.L., Sukhorukov, A.A., Kivshar, Y.S., Molina, M.: Surface multi-gap vector solitons. Opt. Express 14, 4780–4785 (2006)
Hui, J., Keqing, L., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Xing, H.: Surface defect lattice solitons in biased photovoltaic–photorefractive crystals. Opt. Laser Technol. 75, 57–62 (2015)
Iwanow, R., Schiek, R., Stegeman, G.I., Pertsch, T., Lederer, F., Min, Y., Sohler, W.: Observation of discrete quadratic solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 113902 (2004)
Kartashov, Y.V., Vysloukh, V.A., Torner, L.: Surface gap solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 073901 (2006a)
Kartashov, Y.V., Vysloukh, V.A., Mihalache, D., Torner, L.: Generation of surface soliton arrays. Opt. Lett. 31, 2329–2331 (2006b)
Kartashov, Y.V., Vysloukh, V.A., Torner, L.: Surface lattice solitons in diffusive nonlinear media. Opt. Lett. 33, 773–775 (2008)
Keqing, L., Huimin, Y., Chen, W., Kai, H., Zhang, B., Zhang, J.: Defect modes supported by optical lattices in biased centrosymmetric photorefractive crystals. Opt. Quant. Electron. 47, 2709–2716 (2015)
Li, K., Keqing, L., Guo, J., Chen, W., Sun, T., Yao, F., Jingjun, X.: Defect modes supported by optical lattices in photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals. Opt. Commun. 285, 3187–3190 (2012)
Li, K., Keqing, L., Zhang, Y., Niu, P., Liyuan, Y., Zhang, Y.: Localized surface waves at the interface between a linear dielectric and a photovoltaic-photorefractive crystal. Opt. Laser Technol. 48, 79–82 (2013)
Liu, S., Keqing, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Feng, T., Niu, P.: Defect solitons in optically induced kagome photonic lattices in photovoltaic–photorefractive crystals. Opt. Commun. 312, 258–262 (2014)
Makris, K.G., Suntsov, S., Christodoulides, D.N., Stegeman, G.I.: Discrete surface solitons. Opt. Lett. 30, 2466–2468 (2005)
Molina, M.I., Garanovich, I.L., Sukhorukov, A.A., Kivshar, Y.S.: Discrete surface solitons in semi-infinite binary waveguide arrays. Opt. Lett. 31, 2332–2334 (2006)
Neshev, D., Ostrovskaya, E., Kivshar, Y., Krolikowski, W.: Spatial solitons in optically induced gratings. Opt. Lett. 28, 710–712 (2003)
Neshev, D.N., Alexander, T.J., Ostrovskaya, E.A., Kivshar, Y.S., Martin, H., Makasyuk, I., Chen, Z.: Observation of discrete vortex solitons in optically induced photonic lattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 123903 (2004)
Pelinovsky, D.E., Sukhorukov, A.A., Kivshar, Y.S.: Bifurcations and stability of gap solitons in periodic potentials. Phys. Rev. E 70, 036618 (2004)
Rosberg, C.R., Neshev, D.N., Krolikowski, W., Mitchell, A., Vicencio, R.A., Molina, M.I., Kivshar, Y.S.: Observation of surface gap solitons in semi-infinite waveguide arrays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 083901 (2006)
Schöllmann, J., Scheibenzuber, R., Kovalev, A.S., Mayer, A.P., Maradudin, A.A.: Stability of stationary gap solitary waves at periodically modulated surfaces. Phys. Rev. E 59, 4618–4629 (1999)
Suntsov, S., Makris, K.G., Christodoulides, D.N., Stegeman, G.I., Haché, A., Morandotti, R., Yang, H., Salamo, G., Sorel, M.: Observation of discrete surface solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 063901 (2006)
Wang, C., Keqing, L., Chen, W., Huimin, Y., Kai, H.: Surface defect lattice solitons in photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals. Opt. Commun. 335, 140–145 (2015)
Yang, J., Chen, Z.: Defect solitons in photonic lattices. Phys. Rev. E 73, 026609 (2006)
Yang, J., Lakoba, T.I.: Universally-convergent squared-operator iteration methods for solitary waves in general nonlinear wave equations. Stud. Appl. Math. 118, 153–197 (2007)
Yang, J., Musslimani, Z.H.: Fundamental and vortex solitons in a two-dimensional optical lattice. Opt. Lett. 28, 2094–2096 (2003)
Zhu, X., Wang, H., Zheng, L.-X.: Defect solitons in kagome optical lattices. Opt. Express 18, 20786–20792 (2010)
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chinese Tianjin (No. 13JCYBJC16400) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10674176).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, K., Zhang, J., Zhang, B. et al. Surface lattice solitons in photovoltaic–photorefractive crystals. Opt Quant Electron 48, 315 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0582-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0582-2