Abstract
Polymer–ceramic piezoelectric composites are promising materials for sensor and actuator, because of large piezoelectric response properties. Thin films composites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and piezoceramics potassium sodium niobate (KNN) have been prepared by cast method on indium–tin-oxide-coated glass substrates. The β-phase in PVDF is responsible for piezoelectric property. KNN with different concentrations was used as filler in composites. Corona poling method is used to the polarized the thin films of PVDF/KNN composites. The morphology of thin films determines using SEM and the crystalline structure investigates by XRD and FTIR techniques. SEM shows the rough surface contained spherulitic structural with less porosity and the size of the spherulitic range between 1 and 3 μm in diameter. XRD demonstrated that the structure of pure PVDF film is mix of α and β-phase and converted to the pure β-phase after filler by KNN. FTIR results confirmed the XRD. The fraction β in PVDF films alter from 77.5 to 80.3 % after poling, and enhance to the 86.0 % by filler of KNN in PVDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdullah, I.Y., Yahaya, M., Haji Jumali, M.H., Shanshool, H.M.: Effect of annealing process on the phase formation in poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1614, pp. 147–151 (2014). doi:10.1063/1.4895187
Abdullah, I.Y., Haji Jumali, M.H., Yahaya, M., Shanshool, H.M.: Facile formation of β poly(vinylidene fluoride) films using the short time annealing process. Adv. Environ. Biol. 9(20), 20–27 (2015)
Baker, D.W., Thomas, P.A., Zhang, N., Glazer, A.M.: A comprehensive study of the phase diagram of KxNa1–xNbO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95(9), 1903-1–1903-3 (2009). doi:10.1063/1.3212861
Benz, M., Euler, W.B., Gregory, O.J.: The influence of preparation conditions on the surface morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films. Langmuir 17(1), 239–243 (2001)
Cardoso, V.F., Rocha, J.G., Nunes, J.S., Lanceros-Mendez, S., Minas, G.: Piezoelectric β-PVDF polymer films as fluid acoustic microagitator. In: IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. ISIE 2008, pp. 2028–2033. IEEE (2008)
Chen, S., Yao, K., Tay, F.E.H., Liow, C.L.: Ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films on Si substrate with the beta phase promoted by hydrated magnesium nitrate. J. Appl. Phys. 102(10), 04108-1–104108-7 (2007)
Dang, Z.M., Zheng, Y., Xu, H.P.: Effect of the ceramic particle size on the microstructure and dielectric properties of barium titanate/polystyrene composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 110(6), 3473–3479 (2008)
Gregorio Jr, R., de Souza Nociti, N.C.P.: Effect of PMMA addition on the solution crystallization of the alpha and beta phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 28(2), 432–436 (1995)
Huang, F., Wei, Q., Wang, J., Cai, Y., Huang, Y.: Effect of temperature on structure, morphology and crystallinity of PVDF nanofibers via electrospinning. e-Polymers 8(1), 1758–1765 (2008)
Hussain, A., Maqbool, A., Kim, J.S., Song, T.K., Kim, M.H., Kim, W.J., Kim, S.S.: Sodium excess Ta-modified (K0.5Na0.5) NbO3 ceramics prepared by reactive template grain growth method. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 12(1), 228–234 (2015)
Jia, Q., Shen, B., Hao, X., Song, S., Zhai, J.: Anomalous dielectric properties of Ba1–xCaxTiO3 thin films near the solubility limit. Mater. Lett. 63(3), 464–466 (2009)
Li, L., Bai, W., Zhang, Y., Shen, B., Zhai, J.: The preparation and piezoelectric property of textured KNN-based ceramics with plate-like NaNbO3 powders as template. J. Alloys Compd. 622, 137–142 (2015)
Lusiola, T., Ali, H., Kim, M.H., Graule, T., & Clemens, F.: Ferroelectric KNNT fibers by thermoplastic extrusion process: microstructure and electromechanical characterization. In: Actuators, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 99–113. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (2015)
Martins, P., Costa, C.M., Benelmekki, M., Botelho, G., Lanceros-Méndez, S.: Interface characterization and thermal degradation of ferrite/poly(vinylidene fluoride) multiferroic nanocomposites. J. Mater. Sci. 48(6), 2681–2689 (2013)
Newnham, R.E., Skinner, D.P., Cross, L.E.: Connectivity and piezoelectric–pyroelectric composites. Mater. Res. Bull. 13(5), 525–536 (1978)
Ostaševičius, V., Milašauskaitė, I., Daukševičius, R., Baltrušaitis, V., Grigaliūnas, V., Prosyčevas, I.: Experimental characterization of material structure of piezoelectric PVDF polymer. Mechanika 6(86), 78–82 (2010)
Panda, P.K.: Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials. J. Mater. Sci. 44(19), 5049–5062 (2009)
Qiu, J., Ji, H.: The application of piezoelectric materials in smart structures in China. Int. J. Aeronaut. Space Sci. 11(4), 266–284 (2010)
Ramajo, L., Castro, M.S., Reboredo, M.M.: Effect of silane as coupling agent on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-epoxy composites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 38(8), 1852–1859 (2007)
Sebastian, M.T., Jantunen, H.: Polymer–ceramic composites of 0–3 connectivity for circuits in electronics: a review. Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 7(4), 415–434 (2010). doi:10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02482.x
Uchino, K.: Ferroelectric Devices, 2nd edn. CRC Press, London (2009)
Venkatragavaraj, E., Satish, B., Vinod, P.R., Vijaya, M.S.: Piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric PZT–polymer composites. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 34(4), 487 (2001)
Wu, L., Zhang, J.L., Wang, C.L., Li, J.C.: Influence of compositional ratio K/Na on physical properties in (KxNa1–x) NbO3 ceramics. J. Appl. Phys. 103(8), 84116-1–084116-5 (2008)
Zhong, G., Zhang, L., Su, R., Wang, K., Fong, H., Zhu, L.: Understanding polymorphism formation in electrospun fibers of immiscible poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends. Polymer 52(10), 2228–2237 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.024
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdullah, I.Y., Yahaya, M., Jumali, M.H.H. et al. Enhancement piezoelectricity in poly(vinylidene fluoride) by filler piezoceramics lead-free potassium sodium niobate (KNN). Opt Quant Electron 48, 149 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0433-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0433-1