Abstract
An optical universal shift register has been demonstrated based on the electro-optic effect of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) in Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which can be used as a building block for optical computing and optical signal processing systems. The proposed device comprises of two serially connected optical D flip-flops and two multiplexers. Each optical D flip-flop consists out of three MZIs sharing a single clock pulse. The two cascaded multiplexers are controlled by the electric pulses in order to perform the bidirectional shifting and parallel loading operation of optical pulses. The pulse shifting behavior is analyzed using Beam propagation method and verified with the help of MATLAB simulations and function table.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chan, V.W.S., Hall, K.L., Modiano, E., Rauschenbach, K.A.: Architectures and technologies for high-speed optical data networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 16(12), 2146–2168 (1998)
Johnson, N.C., Harrison, J.A., Blow, K.J.: Demonstration and characterisation of a non-inverting all optical read/write regenerative memory. Opt. Comm. 281(17), 4464 (2008)
Kaur, S., Kaler, R.S.: All-optical circular shift register based on semiconductor optical amplifiers. Opt. Quant. Electron. 46(8), 991–998 (2014)
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of XOR/XNOR and AND logic gates using mach–zehnder interferometers. Optik 125, 5764–5767 (2014a)
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of full-adder and full-subtractor based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Commun. 324, 93–107 (2014b)
Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Choudhary, K., Sharma, D.: Implementation of wavelength selector based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high speed communications. Opt. Commun. 350, 108–118 (2015a)
Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, A.: Implementation of optical switches by using Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Eng. 52(9), 097106 (2013)
Kumar, S., Singh, G., Bisht, A.: 4 × 4 signal router based on electro-optic effect of Mach–Zehnder interferometer for wavelength division multiplexing applications. Opt. Commun. 353, 17–26 (2015b)
Kumar, S., Singh, G., Bisht, A., Amphawan, A.: Design of D flip-flop and T flip-flop using Mach-Zehnder interferometers for high-speed communication. Appl. Optics 54(21), 6397–6405 (2015c)
Lazzeri, E., Berrettini, G., Meloni, G., Bogoni, A., Potì, L.: All-optical N-bits shift register exploiting a ring buffer based on semiconductor optical amplifier. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(1), 45–47 (2011)
Lee, B.G., Kim, S.C.: Low-rate parallel scrambling techniques for today’s lightwave transmission. IEEE Commun. Mag. 33, 84–95 (1995)
Lee, J.S., Lim, J.M., Lee, J.H., Lee, H.J., Lee, T.J., Lee, S., Woo, D.H., Kim, S.H., Jhon, Y.M., Kim, J.H.: Realization of all-optical circular shift register using semiconductor optical amplifiers. Jpn. J. of Appl. Phys. 50(11), 110209 (2011)
Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, A., Kumar, S.: 1 × 4 signal router using three-Mach–Zhender interferometers. Opt. Eng. 52(03), 035002 (2013)
Roy, J.N., Rakshit, J.K.: Design of micro-ring resonator-based all-optical logic shifter. Opt. Commun. 312, 73–79 (2014)
Zhang, S., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Khoe, G.D., Dorren, H.J.S.: Optical shift register based on an optical flip-flop memory with a single active element. Opt. Express 13(24), 9708–9713 (2005)
Zoiros, K.E., Botsiaris, C., Chasioti, R., Koukourlis, C.S.: Characterization and optimization of soa-based uni recirculating shift register switching window. Opt. Quantum Electron. 39(14), 1167–1181 (2007)
Zoiros, K.E., Houbavlis, T., Kalyvas, M.: Ultra-high speed all-optical shift registers and their applications in OTDM networks. Opt. Quantum. Electron. 36(11), 1005–1053 (2004)
Zoiros, K.E., Vardakas, J., Koukourlis, C.S., Houbavlis, T.: Analysis and design of ultra-high speed all-optical semiconductor optical amplifier assisted sagnac recirculating shift register with an inverter. Opt. Eng. 44(6), 065001–065012 (2005)
Zoiros, K.E., Das, M.K., Gayen, D.K., Maity, H.K., Chattopadhyay, T., Roy, J.N.: All-optical pseudorandom binary sequence generator with TOAD-based D flip-flops. Opt. Commun. 284, 4297–4306 (2011)
Zoiros, K.E., Stathopoulos, T., Vlachos, K., Hatziefremidis, A., Houbavlis, T., Papakyriakopoulos, T., Avramopoulos, H.: Experimental and theoretical studies of a high repetition rate fiber laser, mode-locked by external optical modulation. Opt. Commun. 180, 301–305 (2000)
Acknowledgement
This work is supported by the project entitled “Performance study of some WDM optical network components and design of optical switching devices” under the Faculty Research Scheme, DIT University, India (Ref. No.: DITU/R&D/2014/7/ECE) undertaken by Dr. Santosh Kumar. This work is too partially supported as part of the Post Doctorate research work done by Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi under the project of Erasmus Mundus Scholarship program in collaboration between City University London, United Kingdom and Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. The authors would also like to thank Prof. K. K. Raina, Vice - Chancellor, DIT University, India for encouragement and support during the present research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K. & Rahman, B.M.A. Design of universal shift register based on electro-optic effect of LiNbO3 in Mach–Zehnder interferometer for high speed communication. Opt Quant Electron 47, 3509–3524 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0226-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0226-y