Abstract
Using the overlapping integral method, a rib waveguide laser of monoclinic potassium double tungstate, KRE\((\text{ WO}_{4})_{2}\), co-doped with Erbium and Ytterbium has been modelled. The laser operation at 1.5 \(\upmu \)m is based on an efficient pump scheme via the energy transfer from Yb\(^{3+}\) to Er\(^{3+}\) ions. The numerical simulation requires spectroscopic parameters of the ions involved and the waveguide geometry and index profiles. This model allows determining the laser power as a function of controllable parameters such as ions doping level, pump power, cavity length or reflectance of the input/output mirrors. It has been found that, for the standard doping level used in this matrix, the optimum cavity length is only few millimeters. Overall, using simulation tools is possible to optimize fabrication parameters, and thus saving effort in the development of experimental prototypes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bjurshagen, S., Hellström, J.E., Pasiskevicius, V., Pujol, M.C., Aguiló, M., Díaz, F.: Fluorescence dynamics and rate equation analysis in \(\text{ Er}^{3+}\) and \(\text{ Yb}^{3+}\) doped double tungstates. Appl. Opt. 45, 4715–4725 (2006)
Bolaños, W., Carvajal, J.J., Mateos, X., Murugan, G.S., Subramanian, A.Z., Wilkinson, J.S., Cantelar, E., Jaque, D., Lifante, G., Aguiló, M., Díaz, F.: Mirrorless buried waveguide laser in monoclinic double tungstates fabricated by a novel combination of ion milling and liquid phase epitaxy. Opt. Exp. 18, 26937–26945 (2010)
Bolaños, W., Carvajal, J.J., Pujol, M.C., Mateos, X., Lifante, G., Murugan, G.S., Wilkinson, J.S., Aguiló, M., Díaz, F.: Monoclinic double tungstate lattice matched epitaxial layers for integrated optics applications. Phys. Procedia 8, 151–156 (2010)
Bolaños, W., Carvajal, J.J., Mateos, X., Murugan, G.S., Subramanian, A.Z., Wilkinson, J.S., Cantelar, E., Lifante, G., Aguiló, M., Díaz, F.: Analysis of confinement effects on microstructured Ln\(^{3+}\):KY\(_{1-x-y}\)Gd\(_x\)Lu\(_{y} (\text{ WO}_{4})_{2}\) waveguides. Opt. Mater. 34, 315–475 (2011)
Cantelar, E., Muñoz, J.A., Sanz-García, J.A., Cussó, F.: Phys. J.: \(\text{ Yb}^{3+}\) to \(\text{ Er}^{3+}\) energy transfer in LiNbO 3. Condens. Matter 10, 8893–8903 (1998)
Cantelar, E., Lifante, G., Cussó, F.: Modelling of Tm 3+-doped LiNbO 3 waveguide lasers. Opt. Quant. Electron. 38, 111–122 (2006)
Cantelar, E., Jaque, D., Lifante, G.: Waveguide lasers based on dielectric materials. Opt. Mat. 34, 555–571 (2012)
Judd, B.R.: Optical absorption intensities of rare-earth ions. Phys. Rev. 127, 750–761 (1962)
Mateos, X., Solé, R., Gavaldà, J., Aguiló, M., Massons, J., Díaz, F.: Crystal growth, optical and spectroscopic characterisation of monoclinic \(\text{ KY}(\text{ WO}_{4})_{2}\) co-doped with \(\text{ Er}^{3+}\) and \(\text{ Yb}^{3+}\). Mat 28, 423–431 (2006).
McCumber, D.E.: Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra. Phys. Rev. 136, A954–957 (1964)
Ofelt, G.S.: Intensities of crystal spectra of rare-earth ions. J. Chem. Phys. 37, 511–520 (1962)
Vallés, J.A., Lázaro, J.A., Rebolledo, M.A.: Modeling of integrated erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers with overlapping factors methods. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 32, 1685–1694 (1996)
Acknowledgments
This work has been partially supported by the projects CRONOSOMATS (MECC, MAT2009-14102), DISFOTINT (MECC, TEC2010-21574-C02-01/02) and MICROSERES (Comunidad de Madrid, P2009/TIC-1476).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Martinez de Mendivil, J., Lifante, G., Berrospe, C. et al. Waveguide laser modelling of Erbium/Ytterbium activated monoclinic double tungstates. Opt Quant Electron 45, 349–356 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-012-9643-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-012-9643-3