Abstract
We show that an even-number sequence of multiple incoherent gray photorefractive spatial screening solitons is possible. When the external voltage is small, only an incoherent Y-junction photorefractive spatial screening soliton is generated, corresponding to the lowest order in the even-number incoherent soliton sequence. When the external voltage is increased, the incoherent gray soliton beam splits into an even-number sequence of multiple incoherent gray photorefractive spatial screening solitons. For a given physical system such an even-number sequence of multiple incoherent gray photorefractive spatial screening solitons is obtained by either increasing the external voltage and decreasing the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the beam’s intensity or increasing the external voltage and decreasing the beam’s grayness.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anastassiou C., Shih M.-F, Mitchell M., Chen Z., Segev M.: Optically induced photovoltaic self-defocusing-to-self-focusing transition. Opt. Lett. 23, 924–926 (1998)
Chen Z., Mitchell M., Segev M., Coskun T.H., Christodoulides D.N.: Self-Trapping of Dark Incoherent Light Beams. Science 280, 889–892 (1998)
Christodoulides D.N., Carvalho M.I.: Bright, dark, and gray spatial soliton states in photorefractive media. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 1628–1633 (1995)
Christodoulides D.N., Coskun T.H., Mitchell M., Segev M.: Theory of incoherent self-focusing in biased photorefractive media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 646–649 (1997)
Christodoulides D.N., Coskun T.H., Mitchell M., Chen Z., Segev M.: Theory of incoherent dark solitons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5113–5116 (1998)
Christodoulides D.N., Eugenieva E.D., Coskun T.H., Segev M., Mitchell M.: Equivalence of three approaches describing partially incoherent wave propagation in inertial nonlinear media. Phys. Rev. E 63, 035601(1)-035601(4) (2001)
Coskun T.H., Christodoulides D.N., Mitchell M., Chen Z., Segev M.: Dynamics of incoherent bright and dark self-trapped beams and their coherence properties in photorefractive crystals. Opt. Lett. 23, 418–420 (1998)
Coskun T.H., Christodoulides D.N., Chen Z., Segev M.: Dark incoherent soliton splitting and “phase- memory” effects: theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. E. 59, R4777–R4780 (1999)
Crosignani B., Segev M., Engin D., DiPorto P., Yariv A., Salamo G.: Self-trapping of optical beams in photorefractive media. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 446–453 (1993)
Duree G., Shultz J.L., Salamo G., Segev M., Yariv A., Crosignani B., DiPorto P., Sharp E., Neurgaonkar R.: Observation of self-trapping of an optical beam due to the photorefractive effect. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 533–536 (1993)
Fazio E., Renzi F., Rinaldi R., Bertolotti M., Chauvet M., Ramadan W., Petris A., Vlad V.I.: Screening-photovoltaic bright solitons in lithium niobate and associated single-mode waveguides. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2193–2195 (2004)
Grandpierre A.G., Christodoulides D.N., Coskun T.H., Segev M., Kivshar Y.S.: Gray spatial solitons in biased photorefractive media. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 55–63 (2001)
Iturbe-Castillo M.D., Marquez-Aguilar P.A., Sanchez-Mondragon J.J., Stepanov S., Vysloukh V.: Spatial solitons in photorefractive Bi 12 TiO 20 with drift mechanism of nonlinearity. Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 408–411 (1994)
Keqing L., Tiantong T., Yanpeng Z.: One-dimensional steady-state spatial solitons in photovoltaic photorefractive materials with an external applied field. Phys. Rev. A 61, 053822(1)-053822(5) (2000)
Keqing L., Yanpeng Z., Tiantong T.: Steady-state spatial solitons in biased photovoltaic-photorefractive crystals for short circuits. J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 3, 262–264 (2001)
Mitchell M., Chen Z., Shih M.F., Segev M.: Self-trapping of partially spatially incoherent light. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 490–493 (1996)
Mitchell M., Segev M., Coskun T.H., Christodoulides D.N.: Theory of self-trapped spatially incoherent light beams. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4990–4993 (1997)
Pasmanik G.A.: Self-action of incoherent light beams. Sov. Phys. JETP 39, 234–238 (1974)
Segev M., Crosignani B., Yariv A., Fischer B.: Spatial solitons in photorefractive media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 923–926 (1992)
Segev M., Valley G.C., Crosignani B., Diporto P., Yariv A.: Steady-state spatial screening solitons in photorefractive materials with external applied field. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3211–3214 (1994)
Segev M., Valley G.C., Bashaw M.C., Taya M., Fejer M.M.: Photovoltaic spatial solitons. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 14, 1772–1781 (1997)
Valley G.C., Segev M., Crosignani B., Yariv A., Fejer M.M., Bashaw M.C.: Dark and bright photovoltaic spatial solitons. Phys. Rev. A 50, R4457–R4460 (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, K., Zhang, Y., Tian, N. et al. Multiple incoherent gray photorefractive spatial solitons. Opt Quant Electron 42, 277–284 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-011-9450-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-011-9450-2