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Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics and dynamic performance of high-speed trains during plate braking under crosswind

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Abstract

The braking system of a train, which is one of its key technologies, plays a vital role in ensuring the safe operation of the train. Plate braking can be used as a method for braking of a high-speed train during an emergency; the higher the train speed, the better the braking effect. In this study, dynamic grid technology is used to simulate plate movement, and the IDDES with the SST k-w turbulence model is used to simulate the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the train during the plate braking process. The aerodynamic force and torque obtained from the fluid simulation are then fed as an external load into the simplified center of the multibody system dynamics model of the high-speed train. Finally, the safety indices of the plate-braking train under crosswinds of different speeds are obtained. The results show that the rapid opening of the plate provides a large braking force to the train but destabilizes the flow field around and especially above it; this phenomenon is further aggravated by crosswinds. The aerodynamic force distribution of each car in the train is considerably changed by the crosswind, and the proportion of lateral force acting on the head car significantly increases. The aerodynamic forces acting on each car further increase due to the opening of the plate. From the perspective of vehicle dynamics performance, an increase in the crosswind speed leads to noticeable increases in the derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rate of each car; derailment and overturn may also occur. Under crosswind, the head car presents the worst dynamic performance, which is further deteriorated by the opening of the plate. The impact of the tail car is relatively small. The dynamic performance of the head car can thus be used to evaluate train safety. As a precaution, the plate of the head car should never be opened during strong crosswinds.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172359), the Foundation of Maglev Technology Key Laboratory of Railway Industry, Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020JDTD0012).

Funding

The funding was provided by Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52172359) and Foundation of Maglev Technology Key Laboratory of Railway Industry, Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 2020JDTD0012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China

    Dazhou Lv, Yong Liu, Qiyao Zheng & Jiqiang Niu

  2. Graduate School of Tangshan, Southwest Jiaotong University, Tangshan, 063000, China

    Lin Zhang & Jiqiang Niu

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  1. Dazhou Lv
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  2. Yong Liu
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Correspondence to Jiqiang Niu.

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Lv, D., Liu, Y., Zheng, Q. et al. Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics and dynamic performance of high-speed trains during plate braking under crosswind. Nonlinear Dyn 111, 13919–13938 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08608-2

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