Abstract
Constructing solutions to the extended (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is the major goal of this article, which includes resonance solutions, rational solutions, breather solutions, and various hybrid solutions. The main approaches are conjugate complex method, long-wave limit method, and introducing new restrictive conditions. We are able to better explain the complex dynamical behavior by plotting the images of the solutions (fusion, fission, and collision phenomena, trajectory changes, etc.) and facilitate to help in the study of fluid mechanics.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
References
Wazwaz, A.M.: A study on nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations of compact and noncompact solutions. Appl. Math. Comput. 135(2–3), 399–409 (2003)
Wazwaz, A.M.: Partial Differential Equations and Solitary Waves Theory. Springer Science & Business Media, Chicago (2010)
Hirota, R.: The Direct Method in Soliton Theory. Cambridge University Press, London (2004)
Li, L.F., Yan, Y.S., Xie, Y.Y.: Dynamical analysis of rational and semi-rational solution for a new extended (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 46(2), 1772–1788 (2023)
Guo, L.J., He, J.S., Mihalache, D.: Rational and semi-rational solutions to the asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov system. J. Phys. A Math. Theor. 54(9), 095703 (2021)
Wang, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, X.T., Ye, R.S.: The rational and semi-rational solutions to the Hirota Maccari system. Nonlinear Dyn. 100, 2767–2778 (2020)
Tajiri, M., Watanabe, Y.: Breather solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Phys. Rev. E 57(3), 3510 (1998)
Guo, R., Hao, H.Q., Zhang, L.L.: Dynamic behaviors of the breather solutions for the AB system in fluid mechanics. Nonlinear Dyn. 74, 701–709 (2013)
Ding, C.C., Gao, Y.T., Deng, G.F.: Breather and hybrid solutions for a generalized (3+1)-dimensional B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation for the water waves. Nonlinear Dyn. 97, 2023–2040 (2019)
Chowdury, A., Kedziora, D.J., Ankiewicz, A., Akhmediev, N.: Breather solutions of the integrable quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation and their interactions. Phys. Rev. E 91(2), 022919 (2015)
Xu, G., Gelash, A., Chabchoub, A., Zakharov, V., Kibler, B.: Breather wave molecules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122(8), 084101 (2019)
Zhao, Z.L., He, L.C.: Resonance Y-type soliton and hybrid solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional asymmetrical Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov equation. Appl. Math. Lett. 122, 107497 (2021)
Ma, H.C., Yue, S.P., Deng, A.P.: Resonance Y-shape solitons and mixed solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Kotera–Sawada equation in fluid mechanics. Nonlinear Dyn. 108(1), 505–519 (2022)
Ma, H.C., Gao, Y.D., Deng, A.P.: Novel y-type and hybrid solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries–Sawada–Kotera–Ramani equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 111(5), 4645–4656 (2023)
Ma, H.C., Gao, Y.D., Deng, A.P.: Fission and fusion solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt equation: case of fluid mechanics and plasma physics. Nonlinear Dyn. 108(4), 4123–4137 (2022)
He, L.C., Zhang, J.W., Zhao, Z.L.: Resonance Y-type soliton, hybrid and quasi-periodic wave solutions of a generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 106(3), 2515–2535 (2021)
Li, Y.H., An, H.L., Zhang, Y.Y.: Abundant fission and fusion solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 108, 2489–2503 (2022)
Li, J.H., Chen, Q.Q., Li, B.: Resonance Y-type soliton solutions and some new types of hybrid solutions in the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equation. Commun. Theor. Phys. 73(4), 045006 (2021)
Seadawy, A.R., Ahmed, S., Rizvi, S.T., Ali, K.: Lumps, breathers, interactions and rogue wave solutions for a stochastic gene evolution in double chain deoxyribonucleic acid system. Chaos Solitons Fractals 161, 112307 (2022)
Ma, H.C., Chen, X.Y., Deng, A.P.: Novel exact solution for the bidirectional sixth-order Sawada–Kotera equation. Universe 9(1), 55 (2023)
Zhang, Z., Yang, X.Y., Li, B., Guo, Q., Stepanyants, Y.: Multi-lump formations from lump chains and plane solitons in the KP1 equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 111, 1625–1642 (2023)
An, H.L., Feng, D.L., Zhu, H.X.: General M-lump, high-order breather and localized interaction solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 98(2), 1275–1286 (2019)
Ma, Y.L., Wazwaz, A.M., Li, B.Q.: New extended Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation: multiple soliton solutions, breather, lump and interaction solutions. Nonlinear Dyn. 104, 1581–1594 (2021)
Foroutan, M., Manafian, J., Ranjbaran, A.: Lump solution and its interaction to (3+1)-D potential-YTSF equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 92, 2077–2092 (2018)
Ma, H.C., Gao, Y.D., Deng, A.P.: Nonlinear superposition of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 111(1), 619–632 (2023)
Ma, H.C., Chen, X.Y., Deng, A.P.: Resonance Y-type soliton and new hybrid solutions generated by velocity resonance for a (2+1)-dimensional generalized Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation in a fluid. Nonlinear Dyn. 111(8), 7599–7617 (2023)
Ghose-Choudhury, A., Garai, S.: Some exact wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations by means of comparison with certain standard ordinary differential equations. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 45(16), 9297–9307 (2022)
Sain, S., Ghose-Choudhury, A., Garai, S.: Solitary wave solutions for the KdV-type equations in plasma: a new approach with the Kudryashov function. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136(2), 226 (2021)
Dan, J., Sain, S., Ghose-Choudhury, A., Garai, S.: Application of the Kudryashov function for finding solitary wave solutions of NLS type differential equations. Optik 224, 165519 (2020)
Kudryashov, N.A.: Simplest equation method to look for exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations. Chaos Solitons Fractals 24(5), 1217–1231 (2005)
Kudryashov, N.A.: One method for finding exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations. Commun. Nonlinear Sci. 17(6), 2248–2253 (2012)
Kudryashov, N.A.: Highly dispersive solitary wave solutions of perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Appl. Math. Comput. 371, 124972 (2020)
Kadomtsev, B.B., Petviashvili, V.I.: On the stability of solitary waves in weakly dispersing media. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. 192, 753–756 (1970)
Alam, M.N., Tunc, C.: New solitary wave structures to the (2+1)-dimensional KD and KP equations with spatio-temporal dispersion. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 32(8), 3400–3409 (2020)
Wazwaz, A.M.: New compactons, solitons and periodic solutions for nonlinear variants of the KdV and the KP equations. Chaos Solitons Fractals 22(1), 249–260 (2004)
Kuo, C.K., Lee, S.Y.: Novel methods for finding general forms of new multi-soliton solutions to (1+1)-dimensional KdV equation and (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. Waves Random Complex Media 29(3), 569–579 (2019)
Yang, J.Y., Ma, W.X.: Abundant interaction solutions of the KP equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 89, 1539–1544 (2017)
Ma, W.X.: Lump solutions to the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Phys. Lett. A 379(36), 1975–1978 (2015)
Manukure, S., Zhou, Y., Ma, W.X.: Lump solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional extended KP equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 75(7), 2414–2419 (2018)
Ma, Y.L., Wazwaz, A.M., Li, B.Q.: Novel bifurcation solitons for an extended Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in fluids. Phys. Lett. A 413, 127585 (2021)
Gu, Y.Y., Meng, F.N.: Searching for analytical solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional KP equation by two different systematic methods. Complexity 2019, 9314693 (2019)
Malik, S., Almusawa, H., Kumar, S., Wazwaz, A.M., Osman, M.S.: A (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with competing dispersion effect: Painlevé analysis, dynamical behavior and invariant solutions. Results Phys. 23, 104043 (2021)
Li, L.F., Xie, Y.Y., Yan, Y.S., Wang, M.C.: A new extended (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with N-solitons, periodic solutions, rogue waves, breathers and lump waves. Results Phys. 39, 105678 (2022)
Guo, J.T., He, J.S., Li, M.H., Mihalache, D.: Exact solutions with elastic interactions for the (2+1)-dimensional extended Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Nonlinear Dyn. 101(4), 2413–2422 (2020)
Yan, X.Y., Liu, J.Z., Xin, X.P.: Soliton solutions and lump-type solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with variable coefficient. Phys. Lett. A 457, 128574 (2023)
Yu, Y.D., Ma, H.C.: Explicit solutions of (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear KP-BBM equation by using Exp-function method. Appl. Math. Comput. 217(4), 1391–1397 (2010)
Tian, H., Niu, Y.J., Ghanbari, B., Zhang, Z., Cao, Y.L.: Integrability and high-order localized waves of the (4+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation. Chaos Solitons Fractals 162, 112406 (2022)
Lambert, F., Springael, J.: On a direct procedure for the disclosure of Lax pairs and Bäcklund transformations. Chaos Solitons Fractals 12(14–15), 2821–2832 (2001)
Wazwaz, A.M.: Painlevé integrability and lump solutions for two extended (3+1)-and (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations. Nonlinear Dyn. 111(4), 3623–3632 (2023)
Wazwaz, A.M., Kaur, L.: A new nonlinear integrable fifth-order equation: multiple soliton solutions with unusual phase shifts. Phys. Scr. 93(11), 115201 (2018)
Mohanty, S.K., Kravchenko, O.V., Deka, M.K., Dev, A.N., Churikov, D.V.: The exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with variable coefficients by extended generalized \((\frac{G^{\prime }}{G})\)-expansion method. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 35(1), 102358 (2023)
Kuo, C.K., Ma, W.X.: A study on resonant multi-soliton solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equations via the linear superposition principle. Nonlinear Dyn. 190, 111592 (2020)
Zhang, Z., Qi, Z.Q., Li, B.: Fusion and fission phenomena for (2+1)-dimensional fifth-order KdV system. Appl. Math. Lett. 116, 107004 (2021)
Satsuma, J., Ablowitz, M.J.: Two-dimensional lumps in nonlinear dispersive systems. J. Math. Phys. 20(7), 1496–1503 (1979)
Zhang, Z., Yang, X.Y., Li, W.T., Li, B.: Trajectory equation of a lump before and after collision with line, lump, and breather waves for (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Chin. Phys. B 28(11), 110201 (2019)
Xia, Y.R., Yao, R.X., Xin, X.P., Li, Y.: Trajectory equation of a lump before and after collision with other waves for (2+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation. Appl. Math. Lett. 135, 108408 (2023)
Hai, R.H., Gegen, H.: M-lump solution, semirational solution, and self-consistent source extension of a novel (2+1)-dimensional KdV equation. Adv. Math. Phys. 2022, 8105654 (2022)
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
We declare that we have no conflict of interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, H., Mao, X. & Deng, A. Resonance solutions and hybrid solutions of an extended (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in fluid mechanics. Nonlinear Dyn 111, 13439–13455 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08569-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-023-08569-6