Abstract
This paper addresses the computation of equivariant normal forms for some Neutral Functional Differential Equations (NFDEs) near equilibria in the presence of symmetry. The analysis is based on the theory previously developed for autonomous retarded Functional Differential Equations (FDEs) and on the existence of center (or other invariant) manifolds. We illustrate our general results by some applications to a detailed case study of additive neurons with delayed feedback.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Buono, P.-L., LeBlanc, V.G.: Equivariant versal unfoldings for linear retarded functional differential equations. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 12, 283–302 (2005)
Choi, Y., LeBlanc, V.: Toroidal normal forms for bifurcations in retarded functional differential equations, I: multiple Hopf and transcritical/multiple Hopf interaction. J. Differ. Equ. 227, 166–203 (2006)
Coullet, P.H., Spiegel, E.A.: Amplitude equations for systems with competing instabilities. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 43(4), 776–821 (1983)
Elphick, C., Tirapegui, E., Brachet, M.E., Coullet, P., Iooss, G.: A simple global characterization for normal forms of singular vector fields. Physica D 29(1–2), 95–127 (1987)
Faria, T., Magalhães, L.T.: Normal forms for retarded functional-differential equations with parameters and applications to Hopf bifurcation. J. Differ. Equ. 122(2), 181–200 (1995)
Faria, T., Magalháes, L.T.: Normal forms for retarded functional-differential equations and applications to Bogdanov–Takens singularity. J. Differ. Equ. 122(2), 201–224 (1995)
Golubitsky, M., Stewart, I., Schaeffer, D.G.: Singularities and Groups in Bifurcation Theory, vol. 2. Springer, New York (1988)
Guckenheimer, J., Holmes, P.: Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems, and Bifurcations of Vector Fields. Springer, New York (1983)
Guo, S., Huang, L.: Hopf bifurcating periodic orbits in a ring of neurons with delays. Physica D 183, 19–44 (2003)
Guo, S., Lamb, J.S.W.: Equivariant Hopf bifurcation for neutral functional differential equations. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, 2031–2041 (2008)
Hale, J.: Theory of Functional Differential Equations. Springer, New York (1977)
Humphreys, J.E.: Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (1978)
Krawcewicz, W., Ma, S., Wu, J.: Multiple slowly oscillating periodic solutions in coupled lossless transmission lines. Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl. 5(2), 309–354 (2004)
Krawcewicz, W., Wu, J.: Theory and applications of Hopf bifurcations in symmetric functional-differential equations. Nonlinear Anal. TMA 35(7), 845–870 (1999)
Krawcewicz, W., Vivi, P., Wu, J.: Hopf bifurcations of functional differential equations with dihedral symmetries. J. Differ. Equ. 146(1), 157–184 (1998)
Murdock, J.: Normal Forms and Unfoldings for Local Dynamical Systems. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Springer, New York (2003)
Ruelle, D.: Bifurcations in the presence of a symmetry group. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 51, 136–152 (1973)
Wang, C., Wei, J.: Normal forms for NFDEs with parameters and application to the lossless transmission line. Nonlinear Dyn. 52, 199–206 (2008)
Weedermann, M.: Normal forms for neutral functional differential equations. In: Topics in Functional Differential and Difference Equations, vol. 29, pp. 361–368. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2001)
Weedermann, M.: Hopf bifurcation calculations for scalar delay differential equations. Nonlinearity 19, 2091–2102 (2006)
Wu, J.: Symmetric functional-differential equations and neural networks with memory. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 350, 4799–4838 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was partially supported by NNSF of China (Grant No. 10971057), by the SRF for ROCS and the Key Project (Grant No. [2008]890 & [2009]41) of SEM, and by Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, S. Equivariant normal forms for neutral functional differential equations. Nonlinear Dyn 61, 311–329 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-009-9651-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-009-9651-4